Davis M
Ribicoff Research Facilities of the Connecticut Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06508, USA.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997 Summer;9(3):382-402. doi: 10.1176/jnp.9.3.382.
Evidence from many different laboratories using a variety of experimental techniques and animal species indicates that the amygdala plays a crucial role in conditioned fear and anxiety, as well as attention. Many amygdaloid projection areas are critically involved in specific signs used to measure fear and anxiety. Electrical stimulation of the amygdala elicits a pattern of behaviors that mimic natural or conditioned fear. Lesions of the amygdala block innate or conditioned fear, as well as various measures of attention, and local infusions of drugs into the amygdala have anxiolytic effects in several behavioral tests. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the amygdala may be important in the acquisition of conditioned fear, whereas non-NMDA receptors are important for the expression of conditioned fear. The peptide corticotropin-releasing hormone appears to be especially important in fear or anxiety and may act within the amygdala to orchestrate parts of the fear reaction.
来自许多不同实验室、运用各种实验技术及动物物种所获得的证据表明，杏仁核在条件性恐惧、焦虑以及注意力方面发挥着关键作用。许多杏仁核投射区域都与用于测量恐惧和焦虑的特定体征密切相关。对杏仁核进行电刺激会引发一系列模仿自然或条件性恐惧的行为模式。杏仁核损伤会阻断先天或条件性恐惧以及各种注意力指标，并且向杏仁核局部注入药物在多项行为测试中具有抗焦虑作用。杏仁核中的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体在条件性恐惧的习得过程中可能很重要，而非NMDA受体对条件性恐惧的表现至关重要。肽促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素在恐惧或焦虑中似乎尤为重要，可能在杏仁核内发挥作用以协调恐惧反应的部分环节。
