Fowler N E, Lees A, Reilly T
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
Ergonomics. 1997 Dec;40(12):1279-86. doi: 10.1080/001401397187360.
The aim of this study was to compare the changes in stature following the performance of plyometric exercises using drop-jumps and a pendulum swing. Eight male participants aged 21.7 +/- 1.8 years with experience of plyometric training gave their informed consent to act as participants. Participants undertook two exercise regimens and a 15-min standing test in a random order. The exercises entailed the performance of 50 drop-jumps from a height of 0.28 m or 50 pendulum rebounds. Participants were instructed to perform maximal jumps or rebounds using a 'bounce' style. Measurements of stature were performed after a 20-min period of standing (pre-exercise), 2-min after exercise (post-exercise) and after a 20-min standing recovery (recovery). Back pain and muscle soreness were assessed using an analogue-visual scale, at each of the above times and also 24 and 36 h after the test. Peak torque during isokinetic knee extension at 1.04 rads-1 was measured immediately before and after the exercise bouts, to assess the degree of muscular fatigue. Ground/wall reaction force data were recorded using a Kistler force platform mounted in the floor for drop-jumps and vertically on the rebound wall for pendulum exercises. Drop-jumps resulted in the greatest (p < 0.05) change in stature (-2.71 +/- 0.8 mm), compared to pendulum exercises (-1.77 +/- 0.7 mm) and standing (-0.39 +/- 0.2 mm). Both exercise regimens resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in stature when compared to the standing condition. Drop-jumps resulted in significantly greater peak impact forces (p < 0.05) than pendulum exercises (drop-jumps = 3.2 +/- 0.5 x body weight, pendulum = 2.6 +/- 0.5 x body weight). The two exercise conditions both invoked a small degree of muscle soreness but there were no significant differences between conditions. Both exercise regimens resulted in a non-significant decrease in peak torque indicating a similar degree of muscular fatigue. Based on the lower shrinkage resulted and lower peak forces, it can be concluded that pendulum exercises pose a lower injury potential to the lower back than drop-jumps performed from a height of 28 cm.
本研究的目的是比较采用跳深和摆锤式摆动进行增强式训练后身高的变化。八名年龄在21.7±1.8岁且有增强式训练经验的男性参与者自愿同意作为研究对象。参与者随机进行两种训练方案和一次15分钟的站立测试。训练包括从0.28米高度进行50次跳深或50次摆锤式反弹。指导参与者采用“弹跳”方式进行最大幅度的跳跃或反弹。在站立20分钟后（训练前）、训练后2分钟（训练后）以及站立恢复20分钟后（恢复）测量身高。在上述每个时间点以及测试后24小时和36小时，使用视觉模拟量表评估背痛和肌肉酸痛情况。在训练回合前后立即测量等速膝关节伸展时1.04弧度/秒的峰值扭矩，以评估肌肉疲劳程度。使用安装在地面上的奇石乐测力平台记录跳深时的地面/墙壁反作用力数据，对于摆锤式训练，则垂直安装在反弹墙上进行记录。与摆锤式训练（-1.77±0.7毫米）和站立（-0.39±0.2毫米）相比，跳深导致的身高变化最大（p<0.05）（-2.71±0.8毫米）。与站立状态相比，两种训练方案均导致身高显著降低（p<0.01）。跳深产生的峰值冲击力显著大于摆锤式训练（p<0.05）（跳深=3.2±0.5×体重，摆锤式=2.6±0.5×体重）。两种训练条件均引起了一定程度的肌肉酸痛，但不同条件之间无显著差异。两种训练方案均导致峰值扭矩无显著下降，表明肌肉疲劳程度相似。基于较低的身高收缩和较低的峰值力，可以得出结论，与从28厘米高度进行的跳深相比，摆锤式训练对下背部造成损伤的可能性更低。
