Wolf H K, Tuomilehto J, Kuulasmaa K, Domarkiene S, Cepaitis Z, Molarius A, Sans S, Dobson A, Keil U, Rywik S
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS, Canada.
J Hum Hypertens. 1997 Nov;11(11):733-42. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000531.
In the early to mid 1980s, the WHO MONICA Project conducted cardiovascular risk factor surveys in 41 study populations in 22 countries. Study populations aged 35-64 years comprised 32,422 men and 32,554 women. Blood pressures (BP) and body mass index (BMI) were measured according to a standard protocol. Participants were asked about antihypertensive medication. In men, the average age-standardized BPs ranged among the populations from 124 to 148 mm Hg for systolic (SBP) and from 75 to 93 mm Hg for diastolic (DBP). The corresponding values in women were 118-145 mm Hg for SBP and 74-90 mm Hg for DBP. In all populations, women had lower SBP than men in the age group 35-44. However, SBP in women rose more steeply with age so that in 34 of 41 populations women had higher SBP than men in the age group 55-64. The proportion of participants with untreated major elevation of BP ranged from 4.5% to 33.7% in men and from 1.9% to 22.3% in women. The proportions of participants receiving antihypertensive medication were 4.3-17.7% for men and 6.0-22.0% for women. These proportions were not correlated with the prevalence of untreated hypertensives. Age-adjusted BMI was associated with SBP and accounted for 14% of the SBP variance in men and 32% in women. We found a large difference in SBP among the MONICA study populations and conclude that the results represent a valid estimate of the public health problem posed by elevated BP. We also have shown that almost universally the problem of elevated BP is more prevalent in women than in men, especially in the older age groups.
20世纪80年代初至中期，世界卫生组织（WHO）的莫尼卡项目（MONICA Project）在22个国家的41个研究人群中开展了心血管危险因素调查。35至64岁的研究人群包括32422名男性和32554名女性。血压（BP）和体重指数（BMI）按照标准方案进行测量。参与者被问及抗高血压药物的使用情况。在男性中，各人群年龄标准化后的收缩压（SBP）平均范围为124至148毫米汞柱，舒张压（DBP）为75至93毫米汞柱。女性的相应数值为SBP 118至145毫米汞柱，DBP 74至90毫米汞柱。在所有人群中，35至44岁年龄组的女性SBP低于男性。然而，女性的SBP随年龄增长上升更为陡峭，因此在41个人群中的34个，55至64岁年龄组的女性SBP高于男性。未治疗的严重血压升高参与者的比例在男性中为4.5%至33.7%，在女性中为1.9%至22.3%。接受抗高血压药物治疗的参与者比例男性为4.3%至17.7%，女性为6.0%至22.0%。这些比例与未治疗高血压的患病率无关。年龄调整后的BMI与SBP相关，在男性中占SBP方差的14%，在女性中占32%。我们发现莫尼卡研究人群的SBP存在很大差异，并得出结论，这些结果代表了血压升高所带来的公共卫生问题的有效估计。我们还表明，几乎在所有情况下，血压升高问题在女性中比在男性中更为普遍，尤其是在老年人群体中。
