Morrison J, Anderson JL
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740, USA.
Science. 1998 Jan 2;279(5347):63-6. doi: 10.1126/science.279.5347.63.
Oxygen isotope compositions of epidote and quartz from chloritic breccias that underlie the detachment fault in the metamorphic core complex of the Whipple Mountains yielded quartz-epidote fractionations that range from 4.1 to 6.4 per mil and increase systematically toward the fault. These fractionations give mean temperatures that decrease from approximately 432 degrees C at 50 meters below the fault to approximately 350 degrees C at 12 meters below the fault. This extreme thermal gradient of 82 degrees C over 38 meters (2160 degrees C per kilometer) is best explained by advective heat extraction by means of circulating surface-derived fluids. Models of lithospheric extension consider only conductive cooling resulting from tectonic denudation and thus require revision to include fluid-induced fault-zone refrigeration.
在惠普尔山脉变质核杂岩中，位于拆离断层之下的绿泥石化角砾岩中的绿帘石和石英的氧同位素组成产生了石英 - 绿帘石分馏，其范围为千分之4.1至6.4，并朝着断层方向系统性增加。这些分馏给出的平均温度从断层以下50米处的约432摄氏度降至断层以下12米处的约350摄氏度。在38米的距离上82摄氏度的这种极端热梯度（每公里2160摄氏度），最好用循环的地表衍生流体进行的平流热抽取来解释。岩石圈伸展模型仅考虑构造剥蚀导致的传导冷却，因此需要修订以纳入流体诱导的断层带致冷作用。
