Zhou Ye, Notterpek Lucia
Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
Exp Neurol. 2016 Sep;283(Pt B):573-80. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.007. Epub 2016 Apr 11.
Compared to the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nerves have a remarkable ability to regenerate and remyelinate. This regenerative capacity to a large extent is dependent on and supported by Schwann cells, the myelin-forming glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In a variety of paradigms, Schwann cells are critical in the removal of the degenerated tissue, which is followed by remyelination of newly-regenerated axons. This unique plasticity of Schwann cells has been the target of myelin repair strategies in acute injuries and chronic diseases, such as hereditary demyelinating neuropathies. In one approach, the endogenous regenerative capacity of Schwann cells is enhanced through interventions such as exercise, electrical stimulation or pharmacological means. Alternatively, Schwann cells derived from healthy nerves, or engineered from different tissue sources have been transplanted into the PNS to support remyelination. These transplant approaches can then be further enhanced by exercise and/or electrical stimulation, as well as by the inclusion of biomaterial engineered to support glial cell viability and neurite extension. Advances in our basic understanding of peripheral nerve biology, as well as biomaterial engineering, will further improve the functional repair of myelinated peripheral nerves.
与中枢神经系统（CNS）相比，外周神经具有显著的再生和重新髓鞘化能力。这种再生能力在很大程度上依赖于外周神经系统（PNS）中形成髓鞘的神经胶质细胞——施万细胞，并得到它们的支持。在各种模型中，施万细胞在清除退化组织中起着关键作用，随后对新再生的轴突进行重新髓鞘化。施万细胞这种独特的可塑性一直是急性损伤和慢性疾病（如遗传性脱髓鞘性神经病）中髓鞘修复策略的目标。在一种方法中，通过运动、电刺激或药理学手段等干预措施来增强施万细胞的内源性再生能力。或者，将源自健康神经或由不同组织来源改造而来的施万细胞移植到PNS中以支持重新髓鞘化。然后，这些移植方法可以通过运动和/或电刺激，以及通过包含设计用于支持神经胶质细胞活力和神经突延伸的生物材料来进一步增强。我们对外周神经生物学以及生物材料工程的基本理解的进展，将进一步改善有髓外周神经的功能修复。
