Sapienza C M
Department of Communication Processes and Disorders, University of Florida, USA.
J Voice. 1997 Dec;11(4):410-6. doi: 10.1016/s0892-1997(97)80036-7.
Laryngeal aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of African American voice production were examined from vowel samples produced by ten adult female and ten adult male speakers. The data were compared with that for a control group consisting of ten adult female and ten adult male White speakers, matched for age, height, and weight. All measures were analyzed using Cspeech 4.0. Aerodynamic measurements, extracted from a glottal airflow waveform, included maximum flow declination rate, alternating glottal airflow, minimum glottal airflow, and airflow open quotient. Acoustic measures included fundamental frequency and sound pressure level. No significant mean differences between the African American and White speakers were found, except for maximum-flow declination rate. The White speakers produced significantly higher declination rates than the African American speakers. The factor of sex for the African American speakers was statistically significant for the measures of maximum-flow declination rate, alternating glottal airflow, open quotient, and fundamental frequency, consistent with the functioning of the White speakers. The results suggest that during vowel production, where the vocal tract is in a fairly static position, acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics for African American and White Speakers are comparable.
从十名成年女性和十名成年男性说话者发出的元音样本中，研究了非裔美国人发声的喉部空气动力学和声学特征。将这些数据与由十名成年女性和十名成年男性白人组成的对照组的数据进行了比较，该对照组在年龄、身高和体重方面进行了匹配。所有测量均使用Cspeech 4.0进行分析。从声门气流波形中提取的空气动力学测量值包括最大流量下降率、交替声门气流、最小声门气流和声门气流开放商。声学测量包括基频和声压级。除最大流量下降率外，非裔美国人和白人说话者之间未发现显著的平均差异。白人说话者产生的下降率明显高于非裔美国说话者。非裔美国说话者的性别因素在最大流量下降率、交替声门气流、开放商和基频测量方面具有统计学意义，这与白人说话者的情况一致。结果表明，在元音发音过程中，声道处于相当静态的位置时，非裔美国人和白人说话者的声学和空气动力学特征具有可比性。
