Holmberg E B, Hillman R E, Perkell J S
Boston University, Department of Communication Disorders, Massachusetts 02215.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1988 Aug;84(2):511-29. doi: 10.1121/1.396829.
Measurements on the inverse filtered airflow waveform (the "glottal waveform") and of estimated average transglottal pressure and glottal airflow were made from noninvasive recordings of productions of syllable sequences in soft, normal, and loud voice for 25 male and 20 female speakers. Statistical analyses showed that with change from normal to loud voice, both males and females produced loud voice with increased pressure, accompanied by increased ac flow and increased maximum airflow declination rate. With change from normal voice, soft voice was produced with decreased pressure, ac flow and maximum airflow declination rate, and increased dc and average flow. Within the loudness conditions, there was no significant male-female difference in air pressure. Several glottal waveform parameters separated males and females in normal and loud voice. The data indicate higher ac flow and higher maximum airflow declination rate for males. In soft voice, the male and female glottal waveforms were more alike, and there was no significant difference in maximum airflow declination rate. The dc flow did not differ significantly between males and females. Possible relevance to biomechanical differences and differences in voice source characteristics between males and females and across loudness conditions is discussed.
对25名男性和20名女性说话者在轻柔、正常和大声发音时音节序列的无创记录进行了逆滤波气流波形（“声门波形”）以及估计的平均跨声门压力和声门气流的测量。统计分析表明，从正常发音变为大声发音时，男性和女性在发出大声时压力增加，同时交流气流增加，最大气流下降率增加。从正常发音变为轻柔发音时，压力、交流气流和最大气流下降率降低，直流和平均气流增加。在响度条件范围内，气压方面不存在显著的男女差异。在正常和大声发音时，几个声门波形参数能够区分男性和女性。数据表明男性的交流气流更高，最大气流下降率更高。在轻柔发音时，男性和女性的声门波形更为相似，最大气流下降率没有显著差异。男女之间的直流气流没有显著差异。文中讨论了这些结果与男女之间生物力学差异以及不同响度条件下声源特征差异的可能相关性。
