Richards J E, Hunter S K
Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA.
Vision Res. 1997 Nov;37(21):3021-35. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00082-5.
The effect of attention to a focal stimulus on 14, 20 and 26-week-old infant's peripheral stimulus localization with eye and head movements was examined in this study. Fixation was engaged on a stimulus in the central visual field and a stimulus was presented in the periphery immediately or after a delay. Peripheral stimulus localization occurred less frequently near the beginning of fixation and when a significant heart rate deceleration had occurred (sustained attention), compared with when no focal stimulus was present or after heart rate had returned to prestimulus level (attention termination). Localization was accompanied by head movements on more than two-thirds of the trials, and the likelihood of head movements was positively associated with stimulus eccentricity. The saccades to localize the peripheral stimulus had unusually high velocities in the attention conditions for the two older aged groups relative to their saccades in inattentive conditions. There were unusual "localizing head movements" in the attention conditions in the absence of localizing saccades or changes in fixation for the two older age groups. Infant attention modulates eye movement characteristics of infants. These data also support the hypothesis that eye and head movement systems are relatively independent in the infant, and that eye-head relations during infant attention may be different from during inattention.
本研究考察了对焦点刺激的关注对14周、20周和26周龄婴儿通过眼动和头部运动进行外周刺激定位的影响。使婴儿注视中央视野中的一个刺激物，然后立即或延迟一段时间后在外周呈现一个刺激物。与不存在焦点刺激时或心率恢复到刺激前水平（注意力终止）时相比，在注视开始时以及出现显著心率减速（持续注意力）时，外周刺激定位的发生频率较低。在超过三分之二的试验中，定位伴随着头部运动，并且头部运动的可能性与刺激离心率呈正相关。相对于非注意力条件下的扫视，在两个较大年龄组的注意力条件下，用于定位外周刺激的扫视具有异常高的速度。在两个较大年龄组的注意力条件下，在没有定位扫视或注视变化的情况下，存在异常的“定位头部运动”。婴儿的注意力调节婴儿的眼动特征。这些数据也支持以下假设：在婴儿中，眼动和头部运动系统相对独立，并且婴儿注意力期间的眼-头关系可能与非注意力期间不同。
