Daba S, Mansour N S, Youssef F G, Shanbaky N M, Shehata M G, el Sawaf B M
U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt.
J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 1997 Dec;27(3):781-94.
Phlebotomus langeroni collected from a leishmaniasis endemic focus at Et Agamy, Alexandria, Egypt, were found to have fed on blood from man, dogs (Canis familiaris) and rats (Rattus rattus). The effect of the kind of blood meal on the development and the life-cycle of L. infantum and L. major in laboratory reared P. langeroni was therefore investigated. A membrane feeding technique was used to infect sand flies. Gut smears of infected females were examined immediately after feeding and daily for 16 days. Nectomonads and short promastigote forms of L. infantum or L. major were detected in females fed on human, dog and rat bloods at all intervals. Paramastigotes (infective stage) were present only in females fed on dog blood containing L. infantum or L. major and in those fed on rat blood containing L. major. It is concluded that among the factors influencing the Leishmania-phlebotomus relationship is the natural medium in which the parasite is present in vivo. The blood of the natural reservoir host(s) is the key factor for the development of the infective parasite form in the sand fly and P. langeroni could be considered a potential vector for transmitting L. infantum from dogs and L. major from rats and dogs but not from man. This investigation offers a new concept for the study of interactions among vector, host and parasites in Leishmania transmission.
从埃及亚历山大省埃特阿加米的一个利什曼病流行区采集的兰氏白蛉，被发现吸食过人、狗（家犬）和大鼠（黑家鼠）的血液。因此，研究了不同种类的血餐对实验室饲养的兰氏白蛉体内婴儿利什曼原虫和硕大利什曼原虫发育及生命周期的影响。采用膜饲技术感染白蛉。在喂食后立即对受感染雌性白蛉的肠道涂片进行检查，并连续16天每天检查一次。在所有时间段内，取食人类、狗和大鼠血液的雌性白蛉体内均检测到婴儿利什曼原虫或硕大利什曼原虫的动鞭毛体和短前鞭毛体形态。副鞭毛体（感染阶段）仅存在于取食含有婴儿利什曼原虫或硕大利什曼原虫的狗血的雌性白蛉以及取食含有硕大利什曼原虫的鼠血的雌性白蛉体内。得出的结论是，影响利什曼原虫与白蛉关系的因素之一是寄生虫在体内存在的天然媒介。天然储存宿主的血液是白蛉体内感染性寄生虫形态发育的关键因素，兰氏白蛉可被视为从狗传播婴儿利什曼原虫以及从大鼠和狗传播硕大利什曼原虫（而非从人传播）的潜在媒介。本研究为利什曼病传播中媒介、宿主和寄生虫之间相互作用的研究提供了一个新的概念。
