Wilby M L
Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Holist Nurs Pract. 1998 Jan;12(2):52-61. doi: 10.1097/00004650-199801000-00009.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death among adults in the United States. Trends indicate that the incidence of all cancers has increased since 1973. It is currently estimated that 1 in 3 Americans now living will develop the disease. Cancer accounts for 11% of all health care costs, and its devastating physical and emotional consequences are far reaching. Despite these grim statistics, there is hope for decreasing this huge burden. Nearly two thirds of all cancers are related to life style choices, such as tobacco use, dietary factors, and exercise; therefore, the opportunity exists to reduce cancer risk greatly. The article presents an overview of major cancers and strategies for primary prevention of those cancers that are most amenable to risk reduction.
癌症是美国成年人中第二大死因。趋势表明，自1973年以来所有癌症的发病率都有所上升。目前估计，现在在世的每3个美国人中就有1人会患上这种疾病。癌症占所有医疗保健费用的11%，其对身体和情感造成的毁灭性后果影响深远。尽管有这些严峻的数据，但减轻这一巨大负担仍有希望。几乎三分之二的癌症与生活方式选择有关，如吸烟、饮食因素和运动；因此，存在大幅降低癌症风险的机会。本文概述了主要癌症以及对那些最适合降低风险的癌症进行一级预防的策略。
