Reiman E M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Phoenix 85006, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58 Suppl 16:4-12.
This report reviews six studies in which positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate the neuroanatomic correlates of emotion, anxiety, and anxiety disorders. PET was used to study brain regions that participate in film- and recall-generated discrete emotions (happiness, sadness, and disgust), picture-generated positive and negative emotions, and normal anticipatory anxiety; participate in the predisposition to, elicitation of, and treatment of panic attacks; participate in social phobic anxiety; and participate in specific phobic anxiety. Results of these investigations suggest that thalamic and medial prefrontal regions may participate in aspects of normal emotion unrelated to its type, valence, or stimulus; that modality-specific sensory association areas and anterior temporal lobe regions appear to participate in the evaluation procedure that invests exteroceptive sensory information with emotional significance; that anterior insular regions appear to participate in the evaluation procedure that invests potentially distressing cognitive and interoceptive sensory information with negative emotional significance; and that anterior cingulate, cerebellar vermis, midbrain, and other brain regions appear to participate in the elaboration of normal and pathologic forms of anxiety. As a complement to other research strategies, PET promises to help determine how multiple brain regions and the mental operations to which they are related work in concert to produce emotions and how they conspire to produce emotional disorders.
本报告回顾了六项研究，这些研究使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）来探究情绪、焦虑及焦虑症的神经解剖学关联。PET被用于研究参与电影引发及回忆引发的离散情绪（快乐、悲伤和厌恶）、图片引发的正负性情绪以及正常预期性焦虑的脑区；参与惊恐发作的易感性、诱发及治疗的脑区；参与社交恐惧症焦虑的脑区；以及参与特定恐惧症焦虑的脑区。这些研究结果表明，丘脑和内侧前额叶区域可能参与了与情绪类型、效价或刺激无关的正常情绪方面；特定模态的感觉联合区和颞叶前部区域似乎参与了赋予外部感觉信息情感意义的评估过程；岛叶前部区域似乎参与了赋予潜在痛苦的认知和内感受性感觉信息负面情感意义的评估过程；并且扣带回前部、小脑蚓部、中脑和其他脑区似乎参与了正常和病理性焦虑形式的细化过程。作为其他研究策略的补充，PET有望帮助确定多个脑区及其相关的心理操作如何协同工作以产生情绪，以及它们如何共同导致情绪障碍。
