Jones D A
Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
Phytochemistry. 1998 Jan;47(2):155-62. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00425-1.
A disproportionately large number of the most important human food plants is cyanogenic. The accumulated research of numerous people working in several different disciplines now allows a tenable explanation for this observation. Cyanogenesis by plants is not only a surprisingly effective chemical defence against casual herbivores, but it is also easily overcome by careful pre-ingestion food processing, this latter skill being almost exclusive to humans. Moreover, humans have the physiological ability to detoxify cyanide satisfactorily, given an adequate protein diet. It appears that early in the domestication of crop plants the cyanogenic species would have been relatively free of pests and competitive herbivores, as well as having good nutritional qualities, and thus ideal candidates for cultivation by the first farmers.
相当大比例的最重要的人类食用植物是含氰的。如今,众多来自不同学科的研究人员积累的研究成果,为这一现象提供了合理的解释。植物产生氰不仅是一种惊人有效的针对偶然食草动物的化学防御手段,而且通过仔细的摄食前食物加工很容易克服,而后一项技能几乎是人类独有的。此外,在摄入足够蛋白质饮食的情况下,人类具备使氰化物充分解毒的生理能力。看来,在作物驯化早期,含氰物种相对而言害虫和竞争性食草动物较少,并且具有良好的营养品质,因此是最早的农民进行种植的理想候选品种。