Gilbert J J, Simpson T L
J Exp Zool. 1976 Jan;195(1):145-51. doi: 10.1002/jez.1401950114.
Spongilla lacustris exhibits a type of alternative hermaphroditism, new to the phylum, in which a sponge may be exclusively male or female during the period of sexual reproduction one year and the opposite sex the next year. This form of sexuality may facilitate larva production and thus dispersal following colonization of a new habitat. Gametogenesis occurs shortly after gemmule hatching in both males and females but slightly later in males.
湖针海绵表现出一种该门动物中前所未有的交替雌雄同体现象，即海绵在有性繁殖期间的某一年可能完全为雄性或雌性，而在次年则为相反的性别。这种性形式可能有利于幼虫的产生，从而在新栖息地定殖后实现扩散。雄性和雌性的配子发生在芽球孵化后不久开始，但雄性稍晚一些。
