Jones B A, Gores G J
Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273(6):G1174-88. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.6.G1174.
Cell death of gastrointestinal epithelial cells occurs by a process referred to as apoptosis. In this review, we succinctly define apoptosis and summarize the role of apoptosis in the physiology and pathophysiology of epithelial cells in the liver, pancreas, and small and large intestine. The physiological mediators regulating apoptosis in gastrointestinal epithelial cells, when known, are discussed. Selected pathophysiological consequences of excessive apoptosis and inhibition of apoptosis are used to illustrate the significance of apoptosis in disease processes. These examples demonstrate that excessive apoptosis may result in epithelial cell atrophy, injury, and dysfunction, whereas inhibition of apoptosis results in hyperplasia and promotes malignant transformation. The specific cellular mechanisms responsible for dysregulation of epithelial cell apoptosis during pathophysiological disturbances are emphasized. Potential future areas of physiological research regarding apoptosis in gastrointestinal epithelia are highlighted when appropriate.
胃肠道上皮细胞的死亡是通过一种称为凋亡的过程发生的。在本综述中，我们简要定义凋亡，并总结凋亡在肝脏、胰腺以及小肠和大肠上皮细胞的生理和病理生理中的作用。讨论了已知的调节胃肠道上皮细胞凋亡的生理介质。使用凋亡过度和凋亡抑制的选定病理生理后果来说明凋亡在疾病过程中的重要性。这些例子表明，凋亡过度可能导致上皮细胞萎缩、损伤和功能障碍，而凋亡抑制则导致增生并促进恶性转化。强调了病理生理紊乱期间上皮细胞凋亡失调的具体细胞机制。适当时突出了胃肠道上皮细胞凋亡未来潜在的生理学研究领域。
