Moritz K M, Lim G B, Wintour E M
Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273(6):R1829-44. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.6.R1829.
It is well established that erythropoiesis occurs first in the yolk sac, then in the liver, subsequently moving to the bone marrow and, in rodents, the spleen during development. The origin of the erythropoietic precursors and some factors suggested to be important for the changing location of erythropoiesis are discussed in this review. Until recently, the major site of erythropoietin (Epo) production in the fetus was thought to be the liver, but studies have shown now that the Epo gene is expressed strongly in the fetal kidney, even in the temporary mesonephros. The metanephric Epo mRNA is upregulated by anemia, downregulated by glucocorticoids, and contributes substantially to circulating hormone levels in hemorrhaged ovine fetuses. Other sites of Epo and Epo receptor production, likely to have important actions during development, are the placenta and the brain.
众所周知，红细胞生成首先发生在卵黄囊，然后在肝脏，随后转移至骨髓，在啮齿动物发育过程中还会转移至脾脏。本文综述了红细胞生成前体的起源以及一些被认为对红细胞生成位置变化很重要的因素。直到最近，胎儿中促红细胞生成素（Epo）的主要产生部位被认为是肝脏，但现在研究表明，Epo基因在胎儿肾脏中强烈表达，即使在临时性中肾也是如此。后肾Epo mRNA受贫血上调，受糖皮质激素下调，并且对失血绵羊胎儿的循环激素水平有很大贡献。Epo和Epo受体产生的其他部位，可能在发育过程中具有重要作用，是胎盘和大脑。
