MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Jan 9;46(52-53):1247-50.
During April-July 1997, two different commercial cruise lines notified CDC of rubella outbreaks among crew members. In July 1997, CDC initiated an investigation on one cruise ship to determine the extent of and risk factors for rubella infection among crew members and to assess the potential risk for rubella transmission to passengers-particularly rubella-susceptible pregnant women at risk for giving birth to an infant with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). This report summarizes rubella outbreaks involving two cruise ships and the results of the CDC investigation on one cruise ship, which demonstrate that crew members can serve as a susceptible population for rubella infection and should be vaccinated with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) if they are not immune. Although the outbreaks were limited to crew members, cruise ship travel provides an environment conducive to the potential spread of rubella and other infectious diseases among crew and passengers; therefore, women of childbearing age, particularly pregnant women, should be immune to rubella before traveling on cruise ships to reduce the risks for rubella infection and CRS.
1997年4月至7月期间，两家不同的商业游轮公司向美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）报告了船员中发生的风疹疫情。1997年7月，CDC对一艘游轮展开调查，以确定船员中风疹感染的范围和危险因素，并评估风疹传播给乘客的潜在风险，特别是对有可能生下先天性风疹综合征（CRS）婴儿的风疹易感孕妇的风险。本报告总结了涉及两艘游轮的风疹疫情以及CDC对其中一艘游轮的调查结果，这些结果表明船员可作为风疹感染的易感人群，若未获得免疫，应接种麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗（MMR）。尽管疫情仅限于船员，但游轮旅行提供了一个有利于风疹和其他传染病在船员及乘客中潜在传播的环境；因此，育龄妇女，尤其是孕妇，在乘坐游轮旅行前应获得风疹免疫，以降低风疹感染和CRS的风险。
