Siopes T D, Neely E R
Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608, USA.
Poult Sci. 1997 Dec;76(12):1783-8. doi: 10.1093/ps/76.12.1783.
An experiment was conducted to determine whether ahemeral lighting (AH) could be used to obtain increased egg weight and poult weight and otherwise normal reproductive performance in Large White turkey hens lit as early as 26 wk of age. The experimental design utilized a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments that evaluated two light cycle lengths (24 h, control and 28 h, ahemeral) at two hen ages (26 and 30 wk). Treatments were continued for 24 wk and the following variables were measured: BW, feed intake, onset and rate of lay, fertility, hatchability, incidence of floor eggs, egg weight, poult production, and poult weight. As compared to the response of hens in the control lighting treatment, ahemeral lighting increased egg weight and poult weight early in the lay period only and resulted in delayed onset of lay (+3.4 d) and depressed egg production (-7 eggs to 54 wk of age). Percentage fertility and hatchability were similar between ahemeral and control treatment groups. However, ahemeral lighting decreased the number of poults per hen when started at 26, but not 30, wk of age. Hens photostimulated early at 26 wk of age were delayed in onset of lay by 5.9 d but produced more eggs per hen to 54 wk of age (95.8) than hens photostimulated at 30 wk (89.7); however, during equivalent lay periods, egg production was similar between the two groups. Early lighting did not have an adverse effect on fertility, hatchability, or poults per hen but egg weight and poult weight were depressed. It was concluded that although ahemeral lighting increased egg weight and poult weight in turkey hens photostimulated early, continuous application of ahemeral lighting throughout the lay period had adverse effects on some components of reproductive performance.
进行了一项实验，以确定早发性光照（AH）是否可用于提高大白火鸡母鸡的蛋重和雏鸡体重，并在26周龄时开始光照的情况下获得正常的繁殖性能。实验设计采用2×2析因处理安排，在两个母鸡年龄（26周和30周）下评估两种光照周期长度（24小时，对照；28小时，早发性）。处理持续24周，并测量以下变量：体重、采食量、产蛋开始时间和产蛋率、受精率、孵化率、地面蛋发生率、蛋重、雏鸡产量和雏鸡体重。与对照光照处理的母鸡反应相比，早发性光照仅在产蛋期早期增加了蛋重和雏鸡体重，并导致产蛋开始延迟（+3.4天）和产蛋量下降（至54周龄时减少7枚蛋）。早发性和对照处理组之间的受精率和孵化率百分比相似。然而，早发性光照在26周龄而非30周龄开始时，会减少每只母鸡的雏鸡数量。26周龄时早期接受光刺激的母鸡产蛋开始延迟5.9天，但至54周龄时每只母鸡产蛋量（95.8枚）比30周龄接受光刺激的母鸡（89.7枚）多；然而，在相同的产蛋期内，两组的产蛋量相似。早期光照对受精率、孵化率或每只母鸡的雏鸡数量没有不利影响，但蛋重和雏鸡体重有所下降。得出的结论是，虽然早发性光照增加了早期接受光刺激的火鸡母鸡的蛋重和雏鸡体重，但在整个产蛋期持续应用早发性光照对繁殖性能的某些成分有不利影响。
