Godwin J L, Grimes J L, Christensen V L, Wineland M J
Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7608, USA.
Poult Sci. 2005 Mar;84(3):485-93. doi: 10.1093/ps/84.3.485.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary P levels and dietary phytase enzyme (E) inclusion on Large White turkey breeder hen reproductive performance from 31 to 62 wk of age. Hens were placed in a curtain-sided house with 48 pens (10 birds per pen; 8 pens per treatment) at 31 wk and were fed a breeder ration with treatments as follows: HP, dietary available P = 0.55%; HPE, HP + E; MP, dietary available P = 0.35%; MPE, MP + E; LP, dietary available P = 0.17%; and LPE, LP + E. Feed and water were available ad libitum for 28 wk of lay. Diets were fed in mash form, and all other nutrients were formulated to meet or exceed NRC requirements. All hens were photostimulated in January (31 wk) with 15.5 h of light daily. Production data were recorded on a pen basis. Individual bird BW and feed consumption, by pen, were determined at monthly intervals from 31 to 62 wk. Hens were observed for weekly reproductive performance for hen housed egg production, hen-day egg production, settable eggs, cumulative settable eggs, hens out of lay, and hen mortality and for biweekly performance for egg fertility, hatchability of all eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs, egg weight loss, conductance, conductance constant (k), and embryonic mortality. Egg weight, eggshell thickness, egg components, and albumen and yolk P were measured monthly. At 62 wk of age, hen tibia P, plasma P, total fecal P, and water-soluble fecal P were determined. Decreasing dietary P resulted in no decreases in reproductive performance for turkey breeder hens to 62 wk. Additionally, decreased dietary P resulted in decreased total fecal P and water-soluble fecal P. Feeding turkey breeder hens dietary phytase enzyme resulted in significantly fewer hens going out of lay; however, this was not reflected in hen housed egg production. It was concluded that phosphorus could be lowered in turkey breeder hen diets, compared with current surveyed industry levels, without impairing reproductive performance.
进行了一项试验，以确定日粮磷水平和日粮中添加植酸酶（E）对31至62周龄大白火鸡种母鸡繁殖性能的影响。31周龄时，将母鸡饲养在有48个栏舍（每栏10只鸡；每个处理8个栏）的卷帘式鸡舍中，并饲喂种鸡日粮，处理如下：高磷组（HP），日粮有效磷=0.55%；高磷植酸酶组（HPE），HP+E；中磷组（MP），日粮有效磷=0.35%；中磷植酸酶组（MPE），MP+E；低磷组（LP），日粮有效磷=0.17%；低磷植酸酶组（LPE），LP+E。产蛋28周内自由采食饲料和饮水。日粮以粉料形式饲喂，所有其他营养素的配方均满足或超过NRC的要求。所有母鸡于1月份（31周龄）开始光照刺激，每天光照15.5小时。以栏为单位记录生产数据。从31至62周龄，每月测定每个栏中每只鸡的体重和采食量。每周观察母鸡的繁殖性能，包括栏舍产蛋量、日产蛋量、可孵化蛋数、累计可孵化蛋数、停产母鸡数和母鸡死亡率；每两周观察受精率、所有蛋的孵化率、受精蛋的孵化率、蛋失重、电导率、电导率常数（k）和胚胎死亡率等性能指标。每月测定蛋重、蛋壳厚度、蛋成分以及蛋白和蛋黄中的磷含量。62周龄时，测定母鸡胫骨磷、血浆磷、总粪便磷和水溶性粪便磷。降低日粮磷水平并未导致火鸡种母鸡至62周龄时繁殖性能下降。此外，降低日粮磷水平导致总粪便磷和水溶性粪便磷减少。给火鸡种母鸡饲喂植酸酶日粮可使停产母鸡显著减少；然而，这并未体现在栏舍产蛋量上。得出的结论是，与目前调查所得的行业水平相比，火鸡种母鸡日粮中的磷含量可以降低，而不会损害其繁殖性能。
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