Madden P A, Heath A C, Martin N G
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997 Dec;21(9):1732-41.
In an earlier analysis, men and women who were current or former smokers were found to report feeling less intoxicated on average than nonsmokers after ingestion of a challenge dose of alcohol. Here, we examine whether differences in subjective response to alcohol and a tendency to smoke cigarettes are transmitted together in families; and, if so, whether this association might be entirely explained by the same heritable factors that influence alcohol intake (as we might expect if both smoking and subjective intoxication are influenced by some general susceptibility for substance use). Alcohol challenge data on 388 Australian male and female twins (194 complete pairs) were reanalyzed using multivariate genetic analysis to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and self-report intoxication after a standard dose of alcohol. In women, we could not reject the hypothesis of complete genetic overlap between effects on intoxication rating and history of smoking, and a significant residual genetic correlation between smoking and postalcohol intoxication persisted even when genetic influences on alcohol consumption were controlled for. In men, the familial association seemed to be largely environmentally mediated and associated with differences in drinking history. These findings prompt the question of whether, in some individuals, cigarette smoking may contribute to the development of tolerance to the effects of alcohol.
在早期的一项分析中，发现目前或曾经吸烟的男性和女性在摄入挑战剂量的酒精后，平均而言，他们报告的醉酒感比不吸烟者要轻。在此，我们研究对酒精的主观反应差异和吸烟倾向是否在家族中共同传递；如果是这样，这种关联是否可能完全由影响酒精摄入量的相同遗传因素来解释（如果吸烟和主观醉酒都受到某种物质使用的一般易感性影响，我们可能会这样预期）。利用多变量遗传分析重新分析了388名澳大利亚男性和女性双胞胎（194对完整双胞胎）的酒精挑战数据，以评估在标准剂量酒精后吸烟与自我报告的醉酒之间的关联。在女性中，我们不能拒绝关于醉酒评分影响和吸烟史之间完全遗传重叠的假设，并且即使在控制了对酒精消费的遗传影响后，吸烟与饮酒后醉酒之间仍存在显著的残余遗传相关性。在男性中，家族关联似乎主要由环境介导，并且与饮酒史的差异有关。这些发现引发了一个问题，即在某些个体中，吸烟是否可能导致对酒精作用产生耐受性。
