Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2010 Feb;30(1):12-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.009.
Despite the declining overall rate of cigarette smoking in the general population in the United States, the prevalence of smoking is estimated to be as high as 80% among treatment-seeking alcoholics. The serious adverse health effects of tobacco and heavy alcohol use are synergistic and recent evidence suggests that smoking slows the process of cognitive recovery following alcohol abstinence. In addition, substantial evidence shows that treatment for tobacco dependence does not jeopardize alcohol abstinence. In this paper, we focus on the impact and treatment implications of tobacco dependence among treatment-seeking alcoholics through a review of five areas of research. We begin with brief reviews of two areas of research: studies investigating the genetic and neurobiological vulnerability of comorbid tobacco and alcohol dependence and studies investigating the consequences of comorbid dependence on neurobiological and cognitive functioning. We then review literature on the effects of smoking cessation on drinking urges and alcohol use and the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions with alcoholic smokers. Finally, we offer recommendations for research with an emphasis on clinical research for enhancing smoking cessation outcomes in this population.
尽管美国普通人群中整体吸烟率呈下降趋势，但在寻求治疗的酗酒者中，吸烟的流行率估计高达 80%。烟草和大量饮酒的严重不良健康影响是协同的，最近的证据表明，吸烟会减缓酒精戒断后认知恢复的过程。此外，大量证据表明，治疗烟草依赖不会危及酒精戒断。在本文中，我们通过综述五个研究领域，重点探讨了治疗中酗酒者的烟草依赖的影响和治疗意义。我们首先简要回顾了两个研究领域：研究共病烟草和酒精依赖的遗传和神经生物学易感性的研究，以及研究共病依赖对神经生物学和认知功能的后果的研究。然后，我们回顾了关于戒烟对饮酒欲望和酒精使用影响的文献，以及对酗酒吸烟者进行戒烟干预的有效性。最后，我们提出了研究建议，重点是开展临床研究，以提高该人群的戒烟效果。
