Bodegård G
Acta Paediatr Scand. 1976 Mar;65(2):257-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1976.tb16547.x.
The recordings from an earlier study regarding the respiratory depth and rate changes induced by exposure to 4% CO2 in air in 13 babies with PM age varying between 32 and 43 weeks were reexamined with regard to the pattern of thoracic abdominal breathing excursion in breathing immediately prior to the CO2 exposure and the type of response induced. The pattern was called "stable" when the thoracic breathing excursions were in phase and congruent with the abdominal ones. When the thoracic excursions in comparison with the abdominal excursions were totally inverted, or incongruous but in phase, or rapidly varying between those two, the pattern was called "unstable". "Unstable" pattern of the breathing prior to the CO2 exposures was followed in an incidence of 60% by the type of response to CO2 which is characterized by a prompt rate increase (the "Type B" response) and only in 16% by the type characterized by an increased breathing amplitude (the "Type A" response). When the excursion pattern of the breathing prior to the CO2 exposures was "stable" "Type A" responses were induced in 59% and "Type B" responses in only 14%. The excursion pattern present when a baby is exposed to 4% CO2 thus seems to affect the type of respiratory depth and rate changes achieved. With increasing postmenstrual age the excursion pattern of the spontaneous breathing is more often "stable" and respiratory depth and rate changes of the "Type B" induced by CO2 less common. The variabilities of the breathing seen preferably in the preterm baby regarding regularity, rate and tidal volumes (as they could be approximated by the registration methods used) were noted most when the excursion pattern was "unstable". The results can be hypothetically interpreted to indicate a dynamic interaction between the thoracic wall and pulmonary mechanoreceptor systems of respiratory regulation. The decreasing variability of the breathing seen with increasing maturation in the baby could be explained by an increasing maturation of the neuromuscular ability to provide stability to the rib cage which would act stabilizing on the pulmonary vagal afferent input to the respiratory center.
对一项早期研究的记录重新进行了检查，该研究涉及13名孕龄在32至43周之间的婴儿暴露于含4%二氧化碳的空气中时呼吸深度和频率的变化，此次重新检查针对二氧化碳暴露前即刻呼吸时胸腹部呼吸偏移的模式以及诱发的反应类型。当胸式呼吸偏移与腹式呼吸偏移同步且一致时，该模式被称为“稳定型”。当胸式偏移与腹式偏移完全相反、不同步但同相位或在两者之间快速变化时，该模式被称为“不稳定型”。在二氧化碳暴露前呼吸为“不稳定型”模式的婴儿中，60%的婴儿对二氧化碳的反应类型表现为呼吸频率迅速增加（“B型”反应），而只有16%的婴儿表现为呼吸幅度增加（“A型”反应）。当二氧化碳暴露前呼吸的偏移模式为“稳定型”时，59%的婴儿诱发了“A型”反应，只有14%的婴儿诱发了“B型”反应。因此，婴儿暴露于4%二氧化碳时出现的偏移模式似乎会影响所实现的呼吸深度和频率变化的类型。随着孕龄增加，自主呼吸的偏移模式更常为“稳定型”，由二氧化碳诱发的“B型”呼吸深度和频率变化则较少见。当偏移模式为“不稳定型”时，早产婴儿呼吸在规律性、频率和潮气量方面（根据所用记录方法估算）的变异性最为明显。这些结果可以假设性地解释为表明胸壁和肺部呼吸调节机械感受器系统之间存在动态相互作用。婴儿随着成熟度增加呼吸变异性降低，这可以解释为神经肌肉能力的成熟度增加，能够为胸腔提供稳定性，从而对呼吸中枢的肺迷走神经传入输入起到稳定作用。
