Gold E B, Goldin S B
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 1998 Jan;7(1):67-91.
In the United States, incidence of and mortality from pancreatic cancer increased for several decades earlier in this century but have tended to level off in recent years. Rates increase with age and are higher in blacks than in whites and higher in men than in women. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of pancreatic cancer, while alcohol consumption largely shows no relationship, coffee consumption shows little, if any, association, and a number of occupational exposures seem to be associated but the results are not fully consistent. Finally, human studies have suggested positive associations with meat consumption and carbohydrate intake and a protective effect of dietary fiber and consumption of fruits and vegetables. Thus, much progress has been made in the last two decades in identifying risk factors, but much epidemiologic work is needed to identify and reduce putative exposures.
在美国，本世纪早些时候胰腺癌的发病率和死亡率几十年来一直在上升，但近年来趋于平稳。发病率随年龄增长而升高，黑人高于白人，男性高于女性。吸烟会增加患胰腺癌的风险，而饮酒在很大程度上与之无关，咖啡消费即便有联系也微乎其微，一些职业暴露似乎与之相关，但结果并不完全一致。最后，人体研究表明，肉类消费和碳水化合物摄入与之呈正相关，膳食纤维以及水果和蔬菜的消费则具有保护作用。因此，在过去二十年里，在确定风险因素方面已经取得了很大进展，但仍需要大量流行病学工作来识别和减少假定的暴露因素。
