Ahlgren J D
George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Semin Oncol. 1996 Apr;23(2):241-50.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal neoplasms. Incidence in the United States has remained fairly stable over the past 25 years, with about 25,000 cases annually. Almost 100% of cases are fatal. Incidence in the developed world parallels that in the United States. Incidence in undeveloped nations is lower but may be underreported. Worldwide incidence is about 185,000 cases per year. There are no striking environmental risk factors, and geographic variation is less than with other gastrointestinal cancers. The most significant risk appears to be cigarette smoking, with a risk ratio of about 2. Alcohol and coffee consumption have been reported as possible risks in some (but not in most) studies. Diet is probably a significant factor, but is difficult to evaluate quantitatively. Other putative associations, including diabetes, probably are unimportant.
胰腺癌是最致命的肿瘤之一。在过去25年里，美国的发病率一直相当稳定，每年约有25000例病例。几乎100%的病例都是致命的。发达国家的发病率与美国相似。不发达国家的发病率较低，但可能存在报告不足的情况。全球发病率约为每年185000例。没有明显的环境风险因素，地理差异也小于其他胃肠道癌症。最显著的风险似乎是吸烟，风险比约为2。在一些（但不是大多数）研究中，饮酒和咖啡消费被报告为可能的风险因素。饮食可能是一个重要因素，但难以进行定量评估。其他假定的关联，包括糖尿病，可能并不重要。
