Trampuz A, Zimmerli W
Abteilung für Infektiologie, Universitätskliniken Basel.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1997 Oct 18;127(42):1725-33.
Over two-thirds of all HIV-infected individuals have an associated pulmonary disease. The following causes are frequently observed: bacterial infection (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and mycobacteria), protozoal infection (Pneumocystis carinii), fungal infection (Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum), viral infection (cytomegalovirus), tumors (Kaposi's sarcoma) and pneumonitis. For diagnosis and patients' immune status, imaging techniques, and microbiological, cytological and histological examination of respiratory secretions and biopsy material are important. Infection with Pneumocystis carinii remains common as a cause of respiratory disease in HIV-infected patients, mainly those without prophylaxis. The clinical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis varies with the state of immunity. Kaposi's sarcoma is the commonest HIV-associated malignancy, and may affect the lungs in addition to the skin.
超过三分之二的艾滋病毒感染者患有相关的肺部疾病。常见病因如下：细菌感染（肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和分枝杆菌）、原生动物感染（卡氏肺孢子虫）、真菌感染（新型隐球菌和荚膜组织胞浆菌）、病毒感染（巨细胞病毒）、肿瘤（卡波西肉瘤）和肺炎。对于诊断及了解患者的免疫状态而言，成像技术以及对呼吸道分泌物和活检材料进行微生物学、细胞学和组织学检查很重要。卡氏肺孢子虫感染仍是艾滋病毒感染者呼吸道疾病的常见病因，主要见于未接受预防治疗的患者。肺结核的临床表现因免疫状态而异。卡波西肉瘤是最常见的与艾滋病毒相关的恶性肿瘤，除皮肤外，还可能累及肺部。
