Janssens L A, Peeters S
University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Medical Electronics, Belgium.
Vet Rec. 1997 Dec 13;141(24):620-5.
In dogs, sphincter mechanism incompetence most often affects middle-aged spayed bitches and is more prevalent in docked animals, certain breeds and in dogs over 30 kg in weight. It results in urinary leakage, mainly when the animal is recumbent and relaxed. In humans, stress incontinence occurs most often in post-menopausal women who are multiparous, have had difficult deliveries and are obese. They also leak urine, but most often when active stressors increase abdominal pressure. Both women and bitches have shorter functional urethras and lower maximal urethral pressures. In women, the compliance and cross-sectional area of the urethra are increased and power generation is substantially weakened. Many women and most bitches have an intrapelvic bladder neck and a short urethra. Owing to hormonal deficiencies they have an impaired capacity to seal the lumen of the urethra and the urethral sphincter is less sensitive to sympathomimetics. In women partial denervation of the pudendal nerve is also a contributory factor.
在犬类中，括约肌功能不全最常影响中年绝育母犬，在断尾动物、某些品种以及体重超过30公斤的犬中更为普遍。它会导致尿液泄漏，主要是在动物卧躺且放松时。在人类中，压力性尿失禁最常发生在多产、经历过难产且肥胖的绝经后女性身上。她们也会漏尿，但最常发生在主动应激源增加腹部压力时。女性和母犬的功能性尿道都较短，最大尿道压力较低。在女性中，尿道的顺应性和横截面积增加，产生力量的能力大幅减弱。许多女性和大多数母犬的膀胱颈位于盆腔内且尿道较短。由于激素缺乏，她们封闭尿道管腔的能力受损，尿道括约肌对拟交感神经药的敏感性较低。在女性中，阴部神经部分去神经支配也是一个促成因素。
