Richards A, French C C, Harris P
Department of Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, United Kingdom.
J Psychol. 1998 Jan;132(1):42-6. doi: 10.1080/00223989809599263.
Recent research has demonstrated that when participants are required to draw from memory a standard clock with numbers represented by Roman numerals, they typically misrepresent the four as "IV" rather than as the correct "IIII." Participants do not make this mistake when they simply copy the clock while it remains in full view. A reanalysis of the data presented by Richards, French, and Harris (1996) is reported in which we investigated the representation of the orientation of the Roman numerals on the clockface and found that participants in the memory conditions (surprise and forewarned) were more likely than participants in the copy (control) condition to draw the numerals vertically rather than in their correct centripetal orientation. In addition, we found this error was even more likely to occur for participants when they had no warning that a memory task would take place.
最近的研究表明，当要求参与者凭记忆画出一个标有罗马数字的标准时钟时，他们通常会将数字4错误地表示为“IV”，而不是正确的“IIII”。当参与者只是在时钟完全可见的情况下复制它时，不会犯这个错误。本文报告了对理查兹、弗伦奇和哈里斯（1996年）所呈现数据的重新分析，我们研究了钟面上罗马数字方向的表示，发现记忆条件（意外和预先警告）下的参与者比复制（对照）条件下的参与者更有可能将数字画成垂直方向，而不是正确的向心方向。此外，我们发现，当参与者没有被告知会有记忆任务时，这种错误更有可能发生。
