Osterberg T, Carlsson G E, Tsuga K, Sundh V, Steen B
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Göteborg University, Sweden.
Gerodontology. 1996 Dec;13(2):110-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.1996.tb00162.x.
The aims of this study were 1) to describe changes in self-assessed masticatory ability over a 14 year period (1975-89); and 2) to describe associations between self-assessed masticatory ability and age, dental state and some other background factors in a sample of the Swedish population in 1988/89.
The Swedish National Central Bureau of Statistics investigates annually the living conditions of the Swedish population by means of interviews by trained persons. The data were analysed by means of stepwise logistic regression and calculation of adjusted relative risks.
In the investigation in 1988/89, 12,901 people above 16 years of age participated and the response rate was 80%.
In comparison between the investigations, the prevalence of reported impairment was lower in 1988/89 than in 1975 and 1980/81. Prevalence of reported impairment of chewing ability increased with ageing from 2% in young adults (16-34 years old) to 44% in older elderly (> 85 years old). In most age groups, edentulous people reported the highest prevalence, and dentate people the lowest. Relative risks for impaired masticatory ability, independent of age, gender and dental state, were higher for people in rural areas, with low income and living single, as well as for those with skeletal, gastrointestinal, psychiatric and tumour diseases. In the elderly, results from the logistic regression showed that some disability and psychosocial factors were also associated with masticatory ability.
The results indicated that there was a group of elderly people who reported several functional and health problems including impaired masticatory ability.
本研究的目的是：1）描述14年期间（1975 - 1989年）自我评估咀嚼能力的变化；2）描述1988/89年瑞典人群样本中自我评估咀嚼能力与年龄、牙齿状况及其他一些背景因素之间的关联。
瑞典国家中央统计局每年通过训练有素的人员进行访谈来调查瑞典人口的生活状况。数据通过逐步逻辑回归和调整相对风险的计算进行分析。
在1988/89年的调查中，12,901名16岁以上的人参与，应答率为80%。
在各次调查的比较中，1988/89年报告的咀嚼能力受损患病率低于1975年和1980/81年。报告的咀嚼能力受损患病率随年龄增长而增加，从年轻人（16 - 34岁）中的2%增至高龄老人（>85岁）中的44%。在大多数年龄组中，无牙者报告的患病率最高，有牙者最低。独立于年龄、性别和牙齿状况，农村地区、低收入、独居者以及患有骨骼、胃肠、精神和肿瘤疾病的人咀嚼能力受损的相对风险更高。在老年人中，逻辑回归结果表明一些残疾和社会心理因素也与咀嚼能力有关。
结果表明，有一组老年人报告了包括咀嚼能力受损在内的多种功能和健康问题。
