Gheber L, Korngreen A, Priel Z
Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 1998;39(1):9-20. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1998)39:1<9::AID-CM2>3.0.CO;2-3.
In the present work we report that increasing the viscosity of the medium caused not only a decrease in the ciliary beat frequency but also changes in the metachrony and correlation between cilia. The study was performed using double and triple simultaneous photoelectric measurements on cultured ciliary cells from the frog esophagus in the viscosity range of 1-2,000 cp. We observed that increasing the viscosity intensified the fluctuations in all the measured parameters. Ciliary beat frequency decreased moderately. Even at quite high viscosities (circa 2000 cp.), cilia were still active with beating frequencies of 3-5 Hz. In addition, the degree of correlation between cilia parallel to the effective stroke direction (ESD) decreased, while that perpendicular to the ESD at a low range of viscosities remained unchanged and even increased at high viscosities. Medium viscosities in the range of 30-1,500 cp. altered the metachronal wave properties of cultured frog esophagus. The metachronal wavelength increased by up to 50%, and the wave direction changed towards more orthoplectic type of coordination. According to our recently suggested model [Gheber and Priel, 1990: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 16:167-181], these effects can be explained by a decrease in the temporal asymmetry of the ciliary beat. Since similar results were observed in water propelling cilia of Paramecium subjected to medium viscosity ranges of up to 40 cp. [Machemer, 1972: J. Exp. Biol. 57:239-259], we conclude that hydrodynamic interactions govern the metachronal wave properties of both mucus and water propelling cilia, though mucus propelling cilia, with their better adaptation to increased load, are affected at much higher viscosities than water propelling cilia.
在本研究中，我们报告称，增加介质的粘度不仅会导致纤毛搏动频率降低，还会使纤毛间的顺次运动和相关性发生变化。该研究是在1 - 2000厘泊的粘度范围内，对青蛙食管培养的纤毛细胞进行双同步和三同步光电测量来完成的。我们观察到，粘度增加会加剧所有测量参数的波动。纤毛搏动频率适度降低。即使在相当高的粘度（约2000厘泊）下，纤毛仍以3 - 5赫兹的搏动频率保持活跃。此外，与有效划动方向（ESD）平行的纤毛间的相关程度降低，而在低粘度范围内与ESD垂直的纤毛间的相关程度保持不变，在高粘度时甚至增加。30 - 1500厘泊范围内的介质粘度改变了培养的青蛙食管的顺次运动波特性。顺次运动波长增加了高达50%，并且波的方向朝着更正交型的协调方式转变。根据我们最近提出的模型[Gheber和Priel，1990：《细胞运动与细胞骨架》16：167 - 181]，这些效应可以通过纤毛搏动时间不对称性的降低来解释。由于在介质粘度高达40厘泊的草履虫的水推进纤毛中也观察到了类似结果[Machemer，1972：《实验生物学杂志》57：239 - 259]，我们得出结论，流体动力相互作用控制着粘液推进纤毛和水推进纤毛的顺次运动波特性，尽管粘液推进纤毛对增加的负荷有更好的适应性，但与水推进纤毛相比，它们在更高的粘度下才会受到影响。
