Sleigh M A, Blake J R, Liron N
Department of Biology, University of Southampton, England.
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Mar;137(3):726-41. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/137.3.726.
The presence of cilia on epithelia of the respiratory tract was reported more than 150 yr ago, and the two-layer model of mucus transport was put forward more than 50 yr ago. However, it is only in the last 10 yr or so that the motion of mucus-propelling cilia of the mammalian respiratory system has been adequately described, and fluid dynamic studies have developed far enough to allow descriptions of the mechanisms by which ciliary movement is coupled to mucus transport. In this review, scientific developments on the study of cilia and mucus, and interactions between them, are drawn together to further understanding of mucociliary clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract. The study of the cilia incorporates a discussion of the internal mechanics and biochemistry of the ciliary axoneme, the physical principles of the beat pattern, and the (weak) metachronal coordination of cilia in the lung. Mucus rheology plays a central role in mucociliary transport with the rheologic properties of the mucus determining the effective functioning of this clearance mechanism. Theoretical models provide information on the mechanical principles of the beat pattern as well as providing reliable estimates of the transport rates. Although airflow is not thought to contribute to mucus transport in the normal state, high frequency ventilation and coughing may make significant contributions.
150多年前就有关于呼吸道上皮存在纤毛的报道，50多年前就提出了黏液运输的两层模型。然而，直到大约过去10年，哺乳动物呼吸系统中推动黏液的纤毛运动才得到充分描述，流体动力学研究也发展到足以描述纤毛运动与黏液运输耦合机制的程度。在这篇综述中，我们将纤毛和黏液及其相互作用的研究方面的科学进展汇总在一起，以进一步了解呼吸道的黏液纤毛清除机制。对纤毛的研究包括对纤毛轴丝的内部力学和生物化学、摆动模式的物理原理以及肺中纤毛（微弱的）同步协调的讨论。黏液流变学在黏液纤毛运输中起核心作用，黏液的流变特性决定了这种清除机制的有效运作。理论模型提供了有关摆动模式力学原理的信息，并能可靠估计运输速率。虽然在正常状态下气流不被认为有助于黏液运输，但高频通气和咳嗽可能会起到重要作用。
