Schwartz B S, Stewart W F, Simon D, Lipton R B
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md 21205, USA.
JAMA. 1998 Feb 4;279(5):381-3. doi: 10.1001/jama.279.5.381.
Tension-type headache is a highly prevalent condition. Because few population-based studies have been performed, little is known about its epidemiology.
To estimate the 1-year period prevalence of episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) in a population-based study; to describe differences in 1-year period prevalence by sex, age, education, and race; and to describe attack frequency and headache pain intensity.
Telephone survey conducted 1993 to 1994.
Baltimore County, Maryland.
A total of 13 345 subjects from the community.
Percentage of respondentswith diagnoses of headache using International Headache Society criteria. Workdays lost and reduced effectiveness at work, home, and school because of headache, based on self-report.
The overall prevalence of ETTH in the past year was 38.3%. Women had a higher 1-year ETTH prevalence than men in all age, race, and education groups, with an overall prevalence ratio of 1.16. Prevalence peaked in the 30- to 39-year-old age group in both men (42.3%) and women (46.9%). Whites had a higher 1-year prevalence than African Americans in men (40.1% vs. 22.8%) and women (46.8% vs 30.9%). Prevalence increased with increasing educational levels in both sexes, reaching a peak in subjects with graduate school educations of 48.5% for men and 48.9% for women. The 1-year period prevalence of CTTH was 2.2%; prevalence was higher in women and declined with increasing education. Of subjects with ETTH, 8.3% reported lost workdays because of their headaches, while 43.6% reported decreased effectiveness at work, home, or school. Subjects with CTTH reported more lost workdays (mean of 27.4 days vs 8.9 days for those reporting lost workdays) and reduced-effectiveness days (mean of 20.4 vs 5.0 days for those reporting reduced effectiveness) compared with subjects with ETTH.
Episodic tension-type headache is a highly prevalent condition with a significant functional impact at work, home, and school. Chronic tension-type headache is much less prevalent than ETTH; despite its greater individual impact, CTTH has a smaller societal impact than ETTH.
紧张型头痛是一种非常普遍的病症。由于基于人群的研究较少，对其流行病学了解甚少。
在一项基于人群的研究中估计发作性紧张型头痛（ETTH）和慢性紧张型头痛（CTTH）的1年期间患病率；描述按性别、年龄、教育程度和种族划分的1年期间患病率差异；并描述发作频率和头痛疼痛强度。
1993年至1994年进行的电话调查。
马里兰州巴尔的摩县。
来自社区的总共13345名受试者。
根据国际头痛协会标准诊断为头痛的受访者百分比。根据自我报告，因头痛而在工作日损失的天数以及在工作、家庭和学校的效率降低情况。
过去一年中ETTH的总体患病率为38.3%。在所有年龄、种族和教育程度组中，女性的1年ETTH患病率均高于男性，总体患病率比为1.16。男性（42.3%）和女性（46.9%）的患病率在30至39岁年龄组达到峰值。白人男性（40.1%对22.8%）和白人女性（46.8%对30.9%）的1年患病率高于非裔美国人。男女患病率均随教育程度的提高而增加，在研究生学历的受试者中达到峰值，男性为48.5%，女性为48.9%。CTTH的1年期间患病率为2.2%；女性患病率更高，且随教育程度的提高而下降。在患有ETTH的受试者中，8.3%报告因头痛而损失工作日，而43.6%报告在工作、家庭或学校的效率下降。与患有ETTH的受试者相比，患有CTTH的受试者报告的工作日损失更多（报告损失工作日的受试者平均为27.4天，而ETTH为8.9天），效率下降天数更多（报告效率下降的受试者平均为20.4天，而ETTH为5.0天）。
发作性紧张型头痛是一种非常普遍的病症，对工作、家庭和学校有重大功能影响。慢性紧张型头痛的患病率远低于ETTH；尽管其对个体的影响更大，但CTTH对社会的影响小于ETTH。
