Werner K, Poustka F
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 1996 Dec;24(4):240-52.
Typical configurations of psychosocial stressors in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Abnormal psychosocial situations are strongly associated with psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. They are significant risk factors, and sometimes play a causative role. Information about such situations can therefore serve as a basis for planning and implementation of therapeutic interventions. Up till now, however, there has been little evidence for the specificity of the relationship between psychosocial factors and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, in the present study cluster analysis was used to group a psychiatric population of children and adolescents by typical configurations of psychosocial stressors, and the subjects in these clusters were then compared with regard to age, gender, psychiatric disorders and level of intelligence. Five clusters were formed, with qualitative and quantitative differences. One cluster consists of cases with various psychiatric disorders but few psychosocial stressors or none at all. In the other four clusters, "parental handicap, mental disorder or deviation" and "anomalous parenting situation" are variables of key importance as one of them occurs in each cluster, together with different combinations of other psychosocial factors. In the one cluster where both of the previously mentioned key variables occur all of the additional factors also occur.
患有精神疾病的儿童和青少年心理社会应激源的典型构型。异常的心理社会状况与儿童和青少年的精神疾病密切相关。它们是重要的风险因素，有时还起致病作用。因此，有关此类状况的信息可作为规划和实施治疗干预措施的依据。然而，到目前为止，几乎没有证据表明心理社会因素与精神疾病之间的关系具有特异性。因此，在本研究中，采用聚类分析方法，根据心理社会应激源的典型构型对患有精神疾病的儿童和青少年群体进行分组，然后比较这些聚类中的受试者在年龄、性别、精神疾病和智力水平方面的差异。形成了五个聚类，存在质和量的差异。一个聚类由患有各种精神疾病但几乎没有或根本没有心理社会应激源的病例组成。在其他四个聚类中，“父母残疾、精神障碍或偏差”和“异常养育情况”是关键变量，因为其中一个在每个聚类中都会出现，同时还有其他心理社会因素的不同组合。在上述两个关键变量都出现的那个聚类中，所有其他因素也都存在。
