Scalzi J M, Hozier J C
Applied Genetics Laboratories, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA.
Genomics. 1998 Jan 1;47(1):44-51. doi: 10.1006/geno.1997.5090.
Mouse and rat genome studies are vital to the use of rodents as models of biology and human genetic disease. In this study, comparative cytogenetic maps of individual homologous mouse (Mus musculus) and rat (Rattus norvegicus) chromosomal regions are presented as defined by cross-species fluorescence in situ hybridization. Such "Zoo-FISH" methods permit direct visual observation of the location of DNA segments from one species on mitotic chromosomes of evolutionarily diverged species. Mouse whole chromosome paint (WCP) probes generated from microdissection and degenerate oliogonucleotide primed (DOP) PCR were hybridized on slides containing a mixture of both mouse (the reference species) and rat (the diverged/ comparative species) metaphase chromosomes. Using six different mouse WCPs, eight regions on seven rat chromosomes were shown to be evolutionarily conserved between these species. The specific chromosomal sites of homology delineated in this study between mouse (MMU) and rat (RNO) genomes include the following: MMU 1 to RNO 9q21-q36 and to RNO 13 from bands q11 to the telomere, MMU 4 to all of RNO 5, MMU 11 to all of RNO 10 and the distal region of RNO 14 (14q21-q22), MMU 7 and MMU 19 both to RNO 1, from bands 1q21 to 41 (MMU 7) and 1q42 to the telomere (MMU 19), and MMU X to all of RNO X. Additionally, several new mouse and rat map assignments have been predicted based on the observed cross-species hybridization patterns in conjunction with known mapping data for mouse or rat genes.
小鼠和大鼠基因组研究对于将啮齿动物用作生物学和人类遗传疾病模型至关重要。在本研究中，通过跨物种荧光原位杂交定义了单个同源小鼠（小家鼠）和大鼠（褐家鼠）染色体区域的比较细胞遗传图谱。这种“动物园荧光原位杂交”方法允许直接目视观察来自一个物种的DNA片段在进化上不同物种的有丝分裂染色体上的位置。从小鼠显微切割产生并经简并寡核苷酸引物（DOP）PCR扩增的小鼠全染色体涂染（WCP）探针，与含有小鼠（参考物种）和大鼠（不同/比较物种）中期染色体混合物的载玻片杂交。使用六种不同的小鼠WCP，显示在这两个物种之间，七条大鼠染色体上的八个区域在进化上是保守的。本研究中描绘的小鼠（MMU）和大鼠（RNO）基因组之间同源性的特定染色体位点包括：MMU 1对应RNO 9q21 - q36以及RNO 13从q11带至端粒，MMU 4对应整个RNO 5，MMU 11对应整个RNO 10以及RNO 14的远端区域（14q21 - q22），MMU 7和MMU 19均对应RNO 1，从1q21带至41（MMU 7）以及1q42带至端粒（MMU 19），MMU X对应整个RNO X。此外，基于观察到的跨物种杂交模式并结合小鼠或大鼠基因的已知定位数据，预测了一些新的小鼠和大鼠图谱定位。
