Müller-Vahl K R, Kolbe H, Dengler R
Neurologische Klinik mit Klinischer Neurophysiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
Nervenarzt. 1997 Dec;68(12):985-9. doi: 10.1007/s001150050227.
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric spectrum disorder of unknown etiology. While several studies have provided evidence that nicotine causes an improvement, only anecdotal reports suggest that alcohol and marijuana influence the symptomatology. Using a structured interview, we questioned a larger group of patients with Tourette syndrome (n = 47) about the use of nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana and their subjective experiences. Of 28 smoking patients only 2 (7%) reported a tic reduction when smoking. Of 35 patients drinking alcohol 24 (69%) noted an improvement. Thirteen patients reported the use of marijuana, of whom 11 (85%) noted a marked improvement. Our results provided strong evidence that the use of both alcohol and marijuana causes much more improvement in TS than nicotine smoking. We suggest that marijuana influences an assumed interaction between cannabinoid and dopamine receptors and, by this, influences the dopaminergic processes in basal ganglia and motor activity.
Gilles de la Tourette综合征（TS）是一种病因不明的神经精神谱系障碍。虽然多项研究已提供证据表明尼古丁可带来症状改善，但仅有轶事性报道提示酒精和大麻会影响症状表现。我们采用结构化访谈，就尼古丁、酒精和大麻的使用情况及其主观体验，询问了一大组Tourette综合征患者（n = 47）。在28名吸烟患者中，只有2名（7%）报告吸烟时抽动减少。在35名饮酒患者中，24名（69%）注意到症状有所改善。13名患者报告使用过大麻，其中11名（85%）注意到症状显著改善。我们的结果提供了有力证据，表明酒精和大麻的使用比吸烟能使TS症状得到更多改善。我们认为，大麻会影响假定的大麻素受体与多巴胺受体之间的相互作用，从而影响基底神经节中的多巴胺能过程和运动活动。
