Eckman P S, Shean G D
Psychology Department, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 1997 Dec;35(12):1113-21.
This study examined differences in habituation between high and low socially anxious Ss. Participants gave three impromptu speeches, each separated by a brief rest interval. Skin conductance and heart rate were monitored during the speeches. Following each speech participants completed self-ratings of nervousness, heart rate, and palmar sweat activity as well as a modified Social Interaction Self Statement Test. Low anxious controls showed significant reduction of negative expectations and self-reported nervousness, heart rate, and sweat activity across the three trials. Actual heart rate of low-anxious subjects also decreased significantly across trials. In contrast, high anxious subjects did not evidence significant decreases in any of the above measures of anxiety and stress across the three trials. Skin conductance measures increased across trials for both groups, but increased more for the high anxious group than low-anxious controls. Results indicate that high anxiety participants are slow to decrease cognitive and autonomic responsiveness to stressful social situations.
本研究考察了高社交焦虑和低社交焦虑受试者在习惯化方面的差异。参与者进行了三次即兴演讲,每次演讲之间有短暂的休息间隔。演讲过程中监测皮肤电导率和心率。每次演讲后,参与者完成对紧张程度、心率和手掌出汗活动的自我评分,以及一项经过修改的社交互动自我陈述测试。低焦虑对照组在三次试验中,负面预期以及自我报告的紧张程度、心率和出汗活动均显著降低。低焦虑受试者的实际心率在各次试验中也显著下降。相比之下,高焦虑受试者在上述任何焦虑和压力指标上,三次试验均未表现出显著下降。两组的皮肤电导率测量值在各次试验中均有所增加,但高焦虑组比低焦虑对照组增加得更多。结果表明,高焦虑参与者在降低对压力性社交情境的认知和自主反应方面较为缓慢。