Hauber U, Bruce A, Neuhäuser-Berthold M
Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Giessen.
Z Ernahrungswiss. 1997 Dec;36(4):394-402. doi: 10.1007/BF01617835.
Dietary reference values for food energy for population groups are set at the level of average energy requirement without a safety margin to avoid any risk of inadequate energy intake. Average energy requirements and hence reference values for energy can be determined from either energy intake data or energy expenditure. In this article, the present reference values for energy of 12 countries, the FAO/WHO/UNU and the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF/EC) are compared regarding the level of their standards and underlying concepts. Methods for estimating energy requirements of different population groups and data sources for reference values for energy are summarized. Furthermore, reference values for energy for males and females of all ages are presented in separate graphs. The comparison of national standards illustrates that the level of reference values for energy for individual countries is dependent on variables such as methodology, data sources, allowances for physical activity, reference body weight, and age range. Standards for adolescents and elderly persons reveal that differences in reference values are most apparent in population groups for which only limited data on energy requirements are available. Although it is not possible to evaluate the adequacy of reference values for energy by comparing data of different countries, many differences in the level of reference values can be explained on the basis of underlying concepts.
人群食物能量的膳食参考值设定为平均能量需求水平，不设安全系数，以避免能量摄入不足的任何风险。平均能量需求以及因此得出的能量参考值可根据能量摄入数据或能量消耗来确定。在本文中，就12个国家、粮农组织/世界卫生组织/联合国大学以及食品科学委员会（SCF/EC）目前的能量参考值，在其标准水平和基本概念方面进行了比较。总结了估算不同人群能量需求的方法以及能量参考值的数据来源。此外，还以单独的图表形式给出了各年龄段男性和女性的能量参考值。国家标准的比较表明，各个国家能量参考值的水平取决于方法、数据来源、体力活动系数、参考体重和年龄范围等变量。青少年和老年人的标准显示，参考值的差异在能量需求数据有限的人群中最为明显。虽然无法通过比较不同国家的数据来评估能量参考值是否充足，但参考值水平的许多差异可以根据基本概念来解释。
