Alhumaidan Omar A, Alkhunein Sarah M, Alakeel Shihana A, Fallata Ghadir A, Aldhwayan Madhawi M, Alfaifi Asalah Y, Albalwi Wala M, AlZeer Haya
Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Nutr. 2025 Aug 7;11(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s40795-025-01146-7.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, accounting for 71% of deaths annually, with similar trends observed in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Healthy Plate 2024 (SHP-2024) was developed by the National Nutrition Committee of the Saudi Food and Drug Authority to address the population's nutritional needs and reduce the burden of NCDs. SHP-2024 provides balanced and culturally appropriate dietary recommendations.
SHP-2024 was designed using optimization modeling techniques, incorporating global best practices, expert consultations, and rigorous validation processes. The dietary patterns were calibrated to ensure nutritional adequacy and economic feasibility. Monte Carlo simulations with 10,000 iterations were used to evaluate nutrient intake adequacy across various calorie levels (1,600-3,200 kcal). Nutritional constraints and economic assessments adhered to Saudi regulatory standards and data from the General Authority for Statistics.
SHP-2024 met the average requirements for most macronutrients and micronutrients, including protein, key vitamins, and minerals, across all calorie patterns. However, the amount of vitamin E provided by SHP-2024, relative to the average requirement of 12.00 mg (95% CI: 8.40-15.60), covered only 60.93% of requirement in males and 60.61% in females. Choline intake with average requirement of 320.00 mg (95% CI: 224.00-416.00), met 73.71% of requirement in males and 73.36% in females. The cost of dietary patterns ranged from 380.70 to 762.70 SAR, indicating overall affordability.
SHP-2024 provides optimized dietary guidance suited to Saudi needs, supporting efforts to reduce NCD burdens. While most nutritional targets were achieved, persistent gaps in vitamin E and choline intake require targeted strategies in future updates to enhance dietary adequacy.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）是全球死亡的主要原因，每年占死亡人数的71%，沙特阿拉伯也观察到类似趋势。沙特食品药品管理局国家营养委员会制定了《2024年沙特健康餐盘》（SHP - 2024），以满足民众的营养需求并减轻非传染性疾病的负担。SHP - 2024提供了均衡且符合文化习惯的饮食建议。
SHP - 2024采用优化建模技术设计，纳入了全球最佳实践、专家咨询和严格的验证过程。对饮食模式进行了校准，以确保营养充足和经济可行性。使用10000次迭代的蒙特卡洛模拟来评估不同卡路里水平（1600 - 3200千卡）下的营养素摄入充足性。营养限制和经济评估遵循沙特监管标准以及统计总局的数据。
SHP - 2024在所有卡路里模式下均满足了大多数常量营养素和微量营养素的平均需求，包括蛋白质、关键维生素和矿物质。然而，相对于平均需求量12.00毫克（95%置信区间：8.40 - 15.60），SHP - 2024提供的维生素E量仅满足男性需求量的60.93%，女性需求量的60.61%。胆碱摄入量平均需求量为320.00毫克（95%置信区间：224.00 - 416.00），满足男性需求量的73.71%，女性需求量的73.36%。饮食模式的成本在380.70至762.70沙特里亚尔之间，表明总体上具有可承受性。
SHP - 2024提供了适合沙特需求的优化饮食指导，支持减轻非传染性疾病负担的努力。虽然实现了大多数营养目标，但维生素E和胆碱摄入量仍存在持续差距，需要在未来更新中采取针对性策略以提高饮食充足性。
