Liang C, Peyman G A, Sun G
Louisiana State University Eye Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center School of Medicine, New Orleans 70112-2234, USA.
Am J Ophthalmol. 1998 Feb;125(2):191-6. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(99)80091-9.
To study the toxicity of intraocular lidocaine, bupivacaine, and a combination of the two anesthetics.
The right eyes of 34 rabbits were divided into eight groups, and each was injected intravitreally with 0.2 ml of lidocaine hydrochloride in a 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.25% concentration, or bupivacaine hydrochloride in a 0.75%, 0.5%, or 0.25% concentration, or a 1:1 mixture of lidocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.75%. The left eyes of four of these rabbits received an injection of balanced saline solution. Electroretinograms were recorded before injection and 30 minutes, 90 minutes, 3 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week after injection. The amplitude and the implicit time were analyzed. The rabbits were killed 1 week after injection and the eyes evaluated histologically.
No adverse clinical reaction and no histologic abnormality was observed in any of the nine groups after injection. The a- and b-waves of the electroretinograms in the control group injected with balanced saline solution, and the a-waves of the experimental groups that received injections of lidocaine, bupivacaine, or the mixture, were normal. The b-waves of the experimental groups demonstrated a marked decrease in the amplitude and an increase (P < .05) in the implicit time after intravitreal injection. Electroretinogram responses recovered within 24 hours.
Intravitreal injection of 0.2 ml of lidocaine up to 2%, or of bupivacaine up to 0.75%, and the mixture of lidocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.75%, induced reversible electroretinogram changes in the rabbit retina. No histologic abnormalities were observed.
研究眼内注射利多卡因、布比卡因及两种麻醉剂联合使用的毒性。
将34只兔的右眼分为8组，分别玻璃体腔内注射0.2 ml浓度为2%、1%、0.5%或0.25%的盐酸利多卡因，或浓度为0.75%、0.5%或0.25%的盐酸布比卡因，或2%利多卡因与0.75%布比卡因的1:1混合液。其中4只兔的左眼注射平衡盐溶液。在注射前及注射后30分钟、90分钟、3小时、6小时、24小时和1周记录视网膜电图。分析其振幅和隐含时间。注射1周后处死兔，对眼球进行组织学评估。
注射后9组中均未观察到不良临床反应和组织学异常。注射平衡盐溶液的对照组及注射利多卡因、布比卡因或混合液的实验组的视网膜电图a波正常。实验组的b波在玻璃体腔内注射后振幅明显降低，隐含时间增加（P<0.05）。视网膜电图反应在24小时内恢复。
玻璃体腔内注射0.2 ml浓度高达2%的利多卡因、浓度高达0.75%的布比卡因以及2%利多卡因与0.75%布比卡因的混合液，可引起兔视网膜可逆性视网膜电图改变。未观察到组织学异常。
