Spitz R T, Hillbrand M, Foster H G, Svetina C J
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University.
Ethn Dis. 1997 Autumn;7(3):259-70.
This study examined the relationship of serum creatine kinase (CK) levels with aggressive behavior as a function of psychosis and ethnicity in a sample of violent forensic patients.
CK levels were determined on admission in a sample of 195 males consecutively admitted to a forensic hospital. The patients' aggressive behavior during their hospital stay was monitored using the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS). All data for this study was archival and gathered from hospital records.
Multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine whether African-American and Caucasian patients differed in serum CK levels and severity, frequency, and type (verbal vs physical) of aggression. T-tests were performed to compare ethnic groups in terms of age, weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. All patients who had been in restraints, had been administered intramuscular medications, had a history of drug or alcohol abuse, and were classified as schizophrenic were compared using chi-square analysis. For each of these variables further comparisons were made of CK levels between African-American and Caucasian patients.
Mean serum CK in African-American patients was 64% higher than in Caucasians. African Americans displayed significantly greater physical aggression than Caucasian patients. In addition, African-American patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia had significantly higher CK levels than African Americans with other diagnoses, with no significant differences related to schizophrenia noted within the Caucasian group. No significant differences in aggressive behavior related to schizophrenia were found in African-American patients.
This study confirms the findings of previous reports which observed higher CK levels in African Americans than in Caucasians. It is also proposed that a confluence of physiologic and psychosocial factors may affect biological marker presentation, particularly as manifest in CK differences between ethnic groups.
本研究在一组暴力法医鉴定患者样本中，考察了血清肌酸激酶（CK）水平与作为精神病和种族函数的攻击行为之间的关系。
对连续入住一家法医医院的195名男性样本入院时的CK水平进行测定。使用公开攻击量表（OAS）监测患者住院期间的攻击行为。本研究的所有数据均为存档数据，从医院记录中收集。
采用多变量方差分析，以检验非裔美国患者和白人患者在血清CK水平以及攻击行为的严重程度、频率和类型（言语攻击与身体攻击）方面是否存在差异。进行t检验以比较不同种族在年龄、体重、身高、收缩压和舒张压方面的差异。使用卡方分析对所有曾被约束、接受过肌肉注射药物治疗、有药物或酒精滥用史且被归类为精神分裂症的患者进行比较。对于这些变量中的每一个，进一步比较非裔美国患者和白人患者之间的CK水平。
非裔美国患者的平均血清CK比白人患者高64%。非裔美国人表现出比白人患者明显更多的身体攻击行为。此外，诊断为精神分裂症的非裔美国患者的CK水平显著高于其他诊断的非裔美国患者，而在白人组中未发现与精神分裂症相关的显著差异。在非裔美国患者中，未发现与精神分裂症相关的攻击行为存在显著差异。
本研究证实了先前报告的结果，即观察到非裔美国人的CK水平高于白人。还提出生理和心理社会因素的共同作用可能会影响生物标志物的表现，特别是在不同种族之间CK差异中表现出来的情况。
