Pyörälä S H, Pyörälä E O
Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998 Feb 1;212(3):407-12.
To evaluate the efficacy of parenteral administration of procaine penicillin G, spiramycin, or enrofloxacin in the treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating cows.
Noncontrolled, clinical retrospective study.
487 cows with mastitis involving 543 quarters.
Clinical signs, histories, and results of bacteriologic examination, somatic cell count, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity of milk samples taken before and 3 to 4 weeks after treatment were retrieved from hospital records. Cows treated parenterally with procaine penicillin G, spiramycin, or enrofloxacin for 3 to 5 days were included. Supportive treatment alone was given to 35 cows infected with Escherichia coli. Factors possibly affecting outcome were analyzed, using ANOVA, correlation analyses, and the Mann-Whitney test. chi 2 Test was used to compare bacteriologic cure rates.
Bacteriologic cure rates for mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and streptococci were 34, 76, and 65%, respectively. Cure rates in cows in their first lactation and infected with S aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were significantly higher than those for older cows. In cows with mastitis caused by E coli, the cure rate was 74% for those treated with penicillin G and 71% for those not treated with antimicrobials. High N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in milk samples obtained at initial examination indicated a poor outcome in S aureus and streptococcal mastitis. Cows infected in the early lactation period had more severe inflammatory responses and clinical signs if infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci and coliforms.
3 to 5 days of treatment with parenterally administered penicillin G for clinical mastitis caused by penicillin-susceptible S aureus strains is efficacious in young cows. Parenteral administration of spiramycin or enrofloxacin does not give satisfactory results in mastitis caused by penicillin-resistant S aureus. Use of antimicrobials in the treatment of mastitis caused by coliform bacteria is questionable.
评估肌内注射普鲁卡因青霉素G、螺旋霉素或恩诺沙星治疗泌乳奶牛临床型乳腺炎的疗效。
非对照临床回顾性研究。
487头患有乳腺炎的奶牛，共543个乳腺象限。
从医院记录中获取治疗前及治疗后3至4周采集的牛奶样本的临床症状、病史、细菌学检查结果、体细胞计数及N - 乙酰 - β - D - 氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性。纳入接受肌内注射普鲁卡因青霉素G、螺旋霉素或恩诺沙星治疗3至5天的奶牛。35头感染大肠杆菌的奶牛仅给予支持性治疗。使用方差分析、相关性分析和曼 - 惠特尼检验分析可能影响治疗结果的因素。采用卡方检验比较细菌学治愈率。
由金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的乳腺炎的细菌学治愈率分别为34%、76%和65%。首次泌乳且感染金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的奶牛的治愈率显著高于年龄较大的奶牛。在大肠杆菌引起的乳腺炎奶牛中，接受青霉素G治疗的治愈率为74%，未接受抗菌药物治疗的治愈率为71%。初次检查时牛奶样本中高N - 乙酰 - β - D - 氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性表明金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌性乳腺炎预后不良。泌乳早期感染的奶牛若感染凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和大肠菌群，炎症反应和临床症状更严重。
对于由对青霉素敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株引起的临床型乳腺炎，肌内注射青霉素G治疗3至5天对年轻奶牛有效。肌内注射螺旋霉素或恩诺沙星治疗对青霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌引起的乳腺炎效果不佳。在治疗大肠菌群引起的乳腺炎时使用抗菌药物存在疑问。
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