Zerbini E, Cardoso M, Sequeira M, Taher H, Santi N, Larpin D, Latini O, Tonarelli G
Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Rev Argent Microbiol. 1997 Oct-Dec;29(4):184-94.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has altered the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in both industrialized and developing countries. Serious diseases caused by mycobacteria other that M. tuberculosis, mostly belonging to the M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC), have become very common in association with severe immunosuppression. The increase in mycobacterial disease complexity has stimulated the development of more rapid and efficient methods of diagnosis. In the present study we characterized the cellular fatty acids and the mycolic acid cleavage product from most frequent mycobacteria species in Argentina using gas chromatography in order to develop a rapid technique for their identification. Fatty acids and mycolic acids extracted from saponified mycobacterial cells were examined as methyl esters by capillary has chromatography. The major constituent fatty acids in all species, with the exception of M. smegmatis, were octadecenoic (18:1) and hexadecanoic (16:1) acids. The fatty acids and mycolic acid cleavage product profiles from the studied species were quantitatively but not qualitatively different. Tuberculostearic acid was found in all species. Significantly different amounts of some fatty acids (p < 0.01) were observed among clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and MAC. Traces of 2-eicosanol were detected in the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Although a limited number of strains and species were tested, preliminary results indicate that this method could be used to characterize mycobacterial cultures.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的流行改变了工业化国家和发展中国家结核病的流行病学特征。由非结核分枝杆菌引起的严重疾病，大多属于鸟分枝杆菌-胞内分枝杆菌复合体（MAC），在严重免疫抑制的情况下变得非常常见。分枝杆菌疾病复杂性的增加刺激了更快速、高效诊断方法的发展。在本研究中，我们使用气相色谱法对阿根廷最常见的分枝杆菌物种的细胞脂肪酸和分枝菌酸裂解产物进行了表征，以便开发一种快速鉴定它们的技术。从皂化的分枝杆菌细胞中提取的脂肪酸和分枝菌酸以甲酯形式通过毛细管气相色谱法进行检测。除耻垢分枝杆菌外，所有物种中的主要脂肪酸成分都是十八碳烯酸（18:1）和十六烷酸（16:1）。所研究物种的脂肪酸和分枝菌酸裂解产物谱在数量上而非质量上有所不同。在所有物种中都发现了结核硬脂酸。在结核分枝杆菌、牛分枝杆菌和MAC的临床分离株中观察到某些脂肪酸的含量存在显著差异（p < 0.01）。在结核分枝杆菌H37Rv菌株中检测到痕量的2-二十烷醇。尽管测试的菌株和物种数量有限，但初步结果表明该方法可用于表征分枝杆菌培养物。
