Johnson J T, Johnson B F, Blasch B B, de l'Aune W D
Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303-3083, USA.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998 Feb;27(2):162-6. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1998.27.2.162.
Although visually impaired individuals have used the long cane to increase mobility for many years, few empirical studies have examined the effectiveness of this tool. The purposes of this research were to determine if these cane procedures provide adequate protection for visually impaired individuals and to compare sighted and visually impaired gait mechanics. Seven sighted (four females, three males) and five visually impaired subjects (two females, three males) were videotaped at 60 Hz by two cameras situated at opposite 45 degrees angles to the subjects' frontal plane so that three-dimensional coordinates could be calculated via direct linear transformation. One-way analyses of variance were calculated on 17 variables to determine if there was a significant biomechanical difference between sighted and visually impaired gait at an adjusted alpha = .003. The results showed that for both groups the cane tip touched outside where the foot landed and that the only variable significantly different between the two groups was resultant cane velocity. The major conclusion of this research was that present cane techniques may not provide adequate protection for visually impaired individuals since the purpose of mobility training is to have the person touch the ground with the cane tip at the foot contact positions.
尽管视力受损者使用长手杖来提高行动能力已有多年，但很少有实证研究检验过这种工具的有效性。本研究的目的是确定这些手杖使用方法是否能为视力受损者提供足够的保护，并比较视力正常者和视力受损者的步态力学。七名视力正常者（四名女性，三名男性）和五名视力受损者（两名女性，三名男性）在60赫兹的频率下被两台位于与受试者额平面呈45度对角的摄像机拍摄，以便通过直接线性变换计算三维坐标。对17个变量进行单向方差分析，以确定在调整后的α = 0.003时，视力正常者和视力受损者的步态在生物力学上是否存在显著差异。结果表明，两组的手杖尖端都落在脚着地位置的外侧，两组之间唯一显著不同的变量是手杖的合成速度。本研究的主要结论是，目前的手杖使用技巧可能无法为视力受损者提供足够的保护，因为行动训练的目的是让使用者在手杖尖端与脚接触地面的位置接触地面（但现在手杖尖端落在脚着地位置外侧）。
