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影响黑腹果蝇死亡率的自发突变的年龄特异性特性。

Age-specific properties of spontaneous mutations affecting mortality in Drosophila melanogaster.

作者信息

Pletcher S D, Houle D, Curtsinger J W

机构信息

Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.

出版信息

Genetics. 1998 Jan;148(1):287-303. doi: 10.1093/genetics/148.1.287.

DOI:10.1093/genetics/148.1.287
PMID:9475740
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1459779/
Abstract

An analysis of the effects of spontaneous mutations affecting age-specific mortality was conducted using 29 lines of Drosophila melanogaster that had accumulated spontaneous mutations for 19 generations. Divergence among the lines was used to estimate the mutational variance for weekly mortality rates and the covariance between weekly mortality rates at different ages. Significant mutational variance was observed in both males and females early in life (up to approximately 30 days of age). Mutational variance was not significantly different from zero for mortality rates at older ages. Mutational correlations between ages separated by 1 or 2 wk were generally positive, but they declined monotonically with increasing separation such that mutational effects on early-age mortality were uncorrelated with effects at later ages. Analyses of individual lines revealed several instances of mutation-induced changes in mortality over a limited range of ages. Significant age-specific effects of mutations were identified in early and middle ages, but surprisingly, mortality rates at older ages were essentially unaffected by the accumulation procedure. Our results provide strong evidence for the existence of a class of polygenic mutations that affect mortality rates on an age-specific basis. The patterns of mutational effects measured here relate directly to recently published estimates of standing genetic variance for mortality in Drosophila, and they support mutation accumulation as a viable mechanism for the evolution of senescence.

摘要

利用29个已经积累了19代自发突变的黑腹果蝇品系,对影响特定年龄死亡率的自发突变效应进行了分析。品系间的差异用于估计每周死亡率的突变方差以及不同年龄每周死亡率之间的协方差。在生命早期(直至约30日龄),雄性和雌性均观察到显著的突变方差。对于较高年龄的死亡率,突变方差与零无显著差异。相隔1周或2周的年龄之间的突变相关性通常为正,但随着间隔时间的增加而单调下降,以至于对早期死亡率的突变效应与对后期死亡率的效应不相关。对各个品系的分析揭示了在有限年龄范围内由突变引起的死亡率变化的几个实例。在早期和中年确定了突变的显著年龄特异性效应,但令人惊讶的是,较高年龄的死亡率基本上不受积累过程的影响。我们的结果为存在一类在特定年龄基础上影响死亡率的多基因突变提供了有力证据。此处测量的突变效应模式与最近发表的果蝇死亡率的现有遗传方差估计值直接相关,并且它们支持突变积累作为衰老进化的一种可行机制。

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