Zhang M, Koishi K, McLennan I S
Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Histol Histopathol. 1998 Jan;13(1):201-7. doi: 10.14670/HH-13.201.
Muscle fibres used to be simply classified as either type I, IIa or IIb. Advances in molecular and histological techniques have, however, lead to the realisation that the phenotypes of muscles are more varied than this. An additional fibre type (IIX/IID) has been discovered, fibres with intermediate fibre types have been described and there is accumulating evidence that the fibres types described from the study of limb muscles are not necessarily applicable to other skeletal muscles, such as the jaw and extra-ocular muscles. Further to this has been the discovery that diversity occurs at all stages of muscle development. There are subpopulations of myoblasts and myotubes as well as various types of muscle fibres. The relationships between the different stages of development is still under study. However, it is clear that each stage of muscle development is influenced to a certain degree by prior events. Consequently, the characteristics of mature fibres reflect both their developmental origins and influences from the adult environment, such as their patterns of muscle activation.
肌肉纤维过去简单地分为I型、IIa型或IIb型。然而，分子和组织学技术的进步使人们认识到，肌肉的表型比这更为多样。已发现了一种额外的纤维类型（IIX/IID），描述了具有中间纤维类型的纤维，并且有越来越多的证据表明，从肢体肌肉研究中描述的纤维类型不一定适用于其他骨骼肌，如下颌肌和眼外肌。除此之外，还发现肌肉发育的各个阶段都存在多样性。有成肌细胞和肌管的亚群以及各种类型的肌肉纤维。发育不同阶段之间的关系仍在研究中。然而，很明显，肌肉发育的每个阶段在一定程度上都受到先前事件的影响。因此，成熟纤维的特征既反映了它们的发育起源，也反映了来自成年环境的影响，比如它们的肌肉激活模式。
