Baker JA, Foster SA, Heins DC, Bell MA, King RW
Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01610, U.S.A.
Biol J Linn Soc Lond. 1998 Jan;63(1):141-59.
Life-history characteristics of female threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were examined in 12 populations, 11 freshwater and one anadromous, within the Cook Inlet region of Alaska. Because this area has been deglaciated during the last 20 000 years, the freshwater populations are recently derived, probably independently, from the local marine or anadromous stickleback. Freshwater threespine stickleback have undergone considerable morphological evolution within this region, apparently in response to environmental factors including predatory regimes and environmental productivity. Our freshwater study populations were selected to sample this range of morphological variation in order to determine whether life-history traits and morphologies have followed similar evolutionary trajectories. Freshwater populations could be categorized generally into one of three ecomorphotypes: those inhabiting relatively productive lakes having one or more piscivorous fishes present, and in which the stickleback exhibit a fully developed pelvic girdle; those inhabiting low-calcium lakes that lack piscivorous fishes, and in which the pelvic structures are incomplete; those living in streams with piscivorous fishes, in which the stickleback have fully developed pelvic girdles. The anadromous population constituted a fourth ecomorphotype that lives in marine waters, and is robustly armored. The freshwater populations showed considerable variation in all life-history traits assessed, and this variation generally corresponded to our ecomorphological classifications. Nevertheless, within each ecomorphotype there was sufficient variation to suggest that morphological and life-history traits may not always respond in the same manner in response to the same selective regime.Copyright 1998 The Linnean Society of London
在阿拉斯加库克湾地区的12个种群（11个淡水种群和1个溯河洄游种群）中，对雌性三刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）的生活史特征进行了研究。由于该地区在过去2万年中已经经历了冰川消退，这些淡水种群可能是最近从当地海洋或溯河洄游的刺鱼独立衍生而来的。淡水三刺鱼在该地区经历了相当大的形态进化，显然是对包括捕食机制和环境生产力在内的环境因素的响应。我们选择淡水研究种群来对这种形态变异范围进行采样，以确定生活史特征和形态是否遵循了相似的进化轨迹。淡水种群一般可分为三种生态形态类型之一：那些栖息在相对高产湖泊中，有一条或多条食鱼鱼类，且三刺鱼具有完全发育的骨盆带的种群；那些栖息在缺乏食鱼鱼类的低钙湖泊中，且骨盆结构不完整的种群；那些生活在有食鱼鱼类的溪流中，三刺鱼具有完全发育的骨盆带的种群。溯河洄游种群构成了第四种生态形态类型，生活在海水中，且有坚固的盔甲。淡水种群在所评估的所有生活史特征上都表现出相当大的变异，这种变异一般与我们的生态形态分类相对应。然而，在每种生态形态类型中都有足够的变异表明，形态和生活史特征在面对相同的选择机制时可能并不总是以相同的方式做出反应。版权所有1998年伦敦林奈学会
