布朗棘轮的最优调制及对微弱外力的增强敏感性。
Optimal modulation of a Brownian ratchet and enhanced sensitivity to a weak external force.
作者信息
Tarlie M B, Astumian R D
机构信息
James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 3;95(5):2039-43. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2039.
Abstract
We studied the dynamics of a Brownian particle moving in a spatially anisotropic potential acted on by multiplicative temporal modulations so that V(x,t) = g(t)U(x). Using the concept of the "thermodynamic action," we show that the class of modulation that maximizes the flow is a square-wave in time. We also show that adding a weak, homogenous force F in synergy with the square-wave modulation can cause particles of slightly different size to move in opposite directions. The synergetic change in velocity caused by F can be much greater than the drift velocity that would be caused by F alone.
摘要
我们研究了一个布朗粒子在乘性时间调制作用下，在空间各向异性势场中运动的动力学，使得V(x,t) = g(t)U(x)。利用“热力学作用”的概念，我们表明使流量最大化的调制类别是时间上的方波。我们还表明，与方波调制协同作用添加一个弱的均匀力F，可使尺寸略有不同的粒子向相反方向运动。由F引起的速度协同变化可能远大于仅由F引起的漂移速度。
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