Bowden G H, Hamilton I R
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1998;9(1):54-85. doi: 10.1177/10454411980090010401.
The global distribution of individual species of oral bacteria demonstrates their ability to survive among their human hosts. Such an ubiquitous existence is the result of efficient transmission of strains and their persistence in the oral environment. Genetic analysis has identified specific clones of pathogenic bacteria causing infection. Presumably, these express virulence-associated characteristics enhancing colonization and survival in their hosts. A similar situation may occur with the oral resident flora, where genetic variants may express specific phenotypic characteristics related to survival. Survival in the mouth is enhanced by dental plaque formation, where persistence is associated with the bacteria's capacity not only to adhere and grow, but also to withstand oxygen, wide fluctuations in pH and carbohydrate concentration, and a diverse array of microbial interactions. Streptococcus mutans has been discussed as a 'model' organism possessing the biochemical flexibility that permits it to persist and dominate the indigenous microflora under conditions of stress.
口腔细菌个体物种的全球分布表明它们有能力在人类宿主中存活。这种无处不在的存在是菌株有效传播及其在口腔环境中持续存在的结果。基因分析已经确定了导致感染的致病细菌的特定克隆。据推测，这些克隆表达与毒力相关的特征，增强了它们在宿主中的定植和存活能力。口腔常驻菌群可能也会出现类似情况，其中基因变异可能表达与生存相关的特定表型特征。牙菌斑的形成增强了细菌在口腔中的存活能力，在牙菌斑中，细菌的持续存在不仅与其粘附和生长能力有关，还与其耐受氧气、pH值和碳水化合物浓度的大幅波动以及各种微生物相互作用的能力有关。变形链球菌已被作为一种“模式”生物进行讨论，它具有生化灵活性，使其能够在压力条件下持续存在并主导本土微生物群落。
