Cohler B J, Zimmerman P
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, USA.
Psychoanal Study Child. 1997;52:359-85.
The issue of violence in childhood and society is reviewed from the comparative perspective of the care of children by Anna Freud and her colleagues during the bombing of World War II and the plight of seriously troubled children and adolescents living in poverty and in violent families in contemporary society. Consistent with observations reported by Mahron, violence among these children is understood as a response to a world experience that is depleting and overwhelming; some sense of being alive is provided through aggressive behavior. Founded on the concept of the therapeutic milieu as described by Aichhorn, Bettelheim, and Redl and Wineman, the psychoanalytic intervention program described here fosters enhanced capacity for tension management and ego development via techniques of crisis management within the group living situation, incorporating the life-space or marginal interview, therapeutic education, and psychotherapy.
本文从比较的视角审视了儿童期及社会中的暴力问题，一方面是二战轰炸期间安娜·弗洛伊德及其同事对儿童的照料，另一方面是当代社会中生活在贫困及暴力家庭的严重困扰儿童和青少年的困境。与马宏所报告的观察结果一致，这些儿童中的暴力行为被理解为对一种耗尽精力且难以承受的世界体验的反应；通过攻击性行为能获得某种活着的感觉。基于艾希霍恩、贝特尔海姆以及雷德尔和怀内曼所描述的治疗环境概念，此处所描述的精神分析干预项目通过群体生活情境中的危机管理技术，包括生活空间或边缘访谈、治疗性教育及心理治疗，来促进增强张力管理能力和自我发展能力。
