Lenícková L, Smíd F
I. interní klinika 1, LF UK a VFN, Praha.
Cas Lek Cesk. 1997 Nov 5;136(21):655-61.
Interest in research in the sphere of tumours has concentrated for many years on finding tumour specific antigenic structures which can be used in immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy. During the last 30 years a number of monoclonal antibodies against tumours was prepared by means of which evidence was provided that antigens associated with tumourous processes have very often the nature of carbohydrates, in particular those linked to lipids, i.e. glycolipids. Carbohydrate structures with which anti-tumour antibodies react are usually found (at least in small concentrations) also in normal tissues. In the strict sense, from the chemical aspect specific tumour antigens do not exist but rather antigens associated with the tumourous process-tumour markers. Factors which influence the presence of a glycolipid of a tumour marker may be a) a simplification of the glycolipid spectrum by incomplete biosynthesis with concurrent deficiency of higher complex glycolipids and cumulation of the glycolipid precursor, b) activation of new pathways of biosynthesis, c) changes in the ceramide portion, d) lactonisation in the carbohydrate portion of the molecule, e) changes in the accessibility of the glycolipid molecule, their conformation and density on the cell surface. The author reviews the main glycolipid tumour markers which can be used in immunodiagnostics.
多年来，肿瘤领域的研究兴趣一直集中在寻找可用于免疫诊断和免疫治疗的肿瘤特异性抗原结构上。在过去30年里，制备了许多针对肿瘤的单克隆抗体，借此证明与肿瘤过程相关的抗原往往具有碳水化合物的性质，尤其是那些与脂质相连的，即糖脂。与抗肿瘤抗体发生反应的碳水化合物结构通常（至少以低浓度）也存在于正常组织中。严格来说，从化学角度不存在特异性肿瘤抗原，而只有与肿瘤过程相关的抗原——肿瘤标志物。影响肿瘤标志物糖脂存在的因素可能有：a）生物合成不完全导致糖脂谱简化，同时高级复合糖脂缺乏，糖脂前体累积；b）生物合成新途径的激活；c）神经酰胺部分的变化；d）分子碳水化合物部分的内酯化；e）糖脂分子可及性、其构象以及在细胞表面密度的变化。作者综述了可用于免疫诊断的主要糖脂肿瘤标志物。
