Scheideler S E, Jaroni D, Froning G
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0919, USA.
Poult Sci. 1998 Feb;77(2):192-6. doi: 10.1093/ps/77.2.192.
A trial was conducted to study the effects of strain, age, and diet on egg production, egg composition, and yolk fatty acid incorporation. Three strains (six pens of eight hens per strain), [DeKalb Delta (D); Babcock B 300 (B); and Hy-Line W-36 (H)], were subjected to a 10% flax diet + oats from 30 to 50 wk of age. At 50 wk, hens were divided into two groups and one half were kept on flax + oats diets (three pens) or assigned to a second diet of flax - oats (three pens) to 60 wk of age. Eggs were collected at 36 and 58 wk of age for fatty acid and lipid analysis. Strain had an early effect (30 to 50 wk) on egg production with B (85.3) exceeding the other two strains D (81.0) and H (79.1). Strain D had greater feed consumption and egg weight than either B or H. Flax - oats increased percentage shell compared to flax + oats. Strain effect was significant for percentage albumin, which was greatest for D (61.2%) vs H (59.5%) and B (59.4%). Strain D had significantly lower total and percentage yolk lipids than the other two strains. Strain B eggs had more C16:0, but less C18:0 and C18:1 than D and H. No significant effect of strain on C18:2, C18:3, and C22:6 deposition was observed. Percentage C18:0 and C18:1 in the yolk was significantly affected by strain, diet, and strain x diet interaction. Dietary flax + oats increased C18:0 and C18:1 in all strains except H. A significant diet by strain interaction effect occurred such that C18:3 increased in D yolk but decreased in B yolk when flax + oats were fed. Deposition of C18:3 was greater at 58 wk (5.61%) than at 36 wk (2.52%) of age across all strains. Results from these trials indicate that strain, diet, and age can affect yolk lipids and composition.
进行了一项试验，以研究品种、年龄和日粮对产蛋量、蛋的组成以及蛋黄脂肪酸掺入的影响。选用三个品种（每个品种8只母鸡，共6栏），即迪卡布三角洲（D）、巴布考克B300（B）和海兰W-36（H），从30周龄到50周龄饲喂10%亚麻籽日粮加燕麦。50周龄时，母鸡被分成两组，其中一半继续饲喂亚麻籽加燕麦日粮（3栏），另一半改喂亚麻籽-燕麦日粮（3栏）至60周龄。在36周龄和58周龄时收集鸡蛋进行脂肪酸和脂质分析。品种对产蛋量有早期影响（30至50周），B品种（85.3）的产蛋量超过其他两个品种D（81.0）和H（79.1）。D品种的采食量和蛋重比B或H品种都高。与亚麻籽加燕麦日粮相比，亚麻籽-燕麦日粮增加了蛋壳比例。品种对蛋白比例有显著影响，D品种（61.2%）的蛋白比例高于H品种（59.5%）和B品种（59.4%）。D品种的蛋黄总脂质和脂质比例显著低于其他两个品种。B品种鸡蛋的C16:0含量较多，但C18:0和C18:1含量低于D品种和H品种。未观察到品种对C18:2、C18:3和C22:6沉积有显著影响。蛋黄中C18:0和C18:1的比例受品种、日粮以及品种×日粮互作的显著影响。日粮中的亚麻籽加燕麦使除H品种外的所有品种蛋黄中的C18:0和C18:1含量增加。品种与日粮之间存在显著的互作效应，即饲喂亚麻籽加燕麦日粮时，D品种蛋黄中的C18:3含量增加，而B品种蛋黄中的C18:3含量降低。所有品种在58周龄时C18:3的沉积量（5.61%）高于36周龄时（2.52%）。这些试验结果表明，品种、日粮和年龄会影响蛋黄脂质和组成。
