Schöne F, Rudolph B, Kirchheim U, Knapp G
Agricultural Institution of Thuringia (Jena), Department of Nutrition and the Market, Jena-Remderoda, Germany.
Br J Nutr. 1997 Dec;78(6):947-62. doi: 10.1079/bjn19970211.
Rapeseed and rapeseed press cake were tested in four long-term experiments with a total of ninety-eight pigs. Rapeseed contained 20 and rapeseed press cake 19 mmol glucosinolates/kg DM. The proportion of the tested rapeseed products in feed amounted to 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 g/kg diet. Moist-heat-treated rapeseed and rapeseed press cake with an extremely low glucosinolate content were also given at 150 g/kg diet. Each dietary rapeseed product level was given with 125 or 250 microgram supplementary I/kg diet. Reduced feed intake and growth retardation were found in groups receiving 150 g rapeseed products/kg diet; in the case of rapeseed the impairments were significant. Rapeseed products > or = 100g/kg diet increased the thyroid weight and decreased the serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. Higher I dosage brought the serum T4 concentration to the level of the control group and retarded thyroid enlargement. Intake of rapeseed products lowered the I content of the thyroid; however, there was no significant difference between groups given 0.9 mmol glucosinolates/kg diet and those receiving three times as much. Degrading glucosinolates by moisture and heat prevented feed intake depression and growth retardation. In the case of treated rapeseed the decreased serum T4 concentration and increased thyroid weight persisted, indicating formation of some antithyroid compounds due to myrosinase (EC 3.2.3.1) activation. A maximal glucosinolate content of 2 mmol/kg diet and additional I application are a prerequisite for using rapeseed products in pig feeding.
在四项长期试验中，用总共98头猪对油菜籽和油菜籽压榨饼进行了测试。油菜籽每千克干物质含20毫摩尔硫代葡萄糖苷，油菜籽压榨饼每千克干物质含19毫摩尔硫代葡萄糖苷。试验的油菜籽产品在饲料中的比例为0（对照）、50、100和150克/千克日粮。还以150克/千克日粮投喂了硫代葡萄糖苷含量极低的湿热处理油菜籽和油菜籽压榨饼。每种日粮油菜籽产品水平都添加了125或250微克/千克日粮的碘。在接受150克油菜籽产品/千克日粮的组中发现采食量降低和生长迟缓；就油菜籽而言，这些损害是显著的。日粮中油菜籽产品≥100克/千克会增加甲状腺重量并降低血清甲状腺素（T4）浓度。较高的碘剂量使血清T4浓度恢复到对照组水平并抑制甲状腺肿大。油菜籽产品的摄入降低了甲状腺中的碘含量；然而，每千克日粮摄入0.9毫摩尔硫代葡萄糖苷的组与摄入其三倍量的组之间没有显著差异。通过湿热降解硫代葡萄糖苷可防止采食量下降和生长迟缓。就处理过的油菜籽而言，血清T4浓度降低和甲状腺重量增加的情况仍然存在，这表明由于黑芥子酶（EC 3.2.3.1）的激活形成了一些抗甲状腺化合物。日粮中硫代葡萄糖苷的最大含量为2毫摩尔/千克并额外添加碘是在猪饲料中使用油菜籽产品的前提条件。
